Author of the Month: Dr. Marlène Lejars

Dr Marlene Lejars graduated in 2009 from the National School of Chemistry, Biology and Physics (ENSCBP) of Bordeaux, France, and received a Master degree in Chemistry (Polymers and Colloids) from Bordeaux University. She obtained her PhD degree in 2012 at the University of Toulon, France (MAPIEM laboratory, A. Margaillan and C. Bressy as supervisors), working on the synthesis of new polymer binders by the RAFT polymerization for FRC/SPC hybrid antifouling coatings. Following her PhD, she continued her research work at MAPIEM with an expertise in polymer synthesis and characterization, paint formulation, and evaluation of antifouling performances. She is involved in research projects dealing with electro-active antifouling coatings, as well as antifouling coatings for drag reduction (DRACONS project 2013-2017). She is reviewer for journals in the field of polymers including Polymer Chemistry and Journal of Applied Polymer Science. She is also involved in quality and safety management at MAPIEM laboratory.

What was your inspiration in becoming a chemist?

During high school, my Chemistry teacher put me forward to compete in a French competition, called “The Olympiads of Chemistry”. This was the opportunity for me to discover several aspects of Chemistry in more detail through theoretical courses and practical experimentation. I won the first award of the competition organized in Bordeaux. Thanks to this competition, I discovered that Chemistry was a fascinating world and I decided that I would become a chemist.


What was the motivation to write your Polymer Chemistry article?

The MAPIEM laboratory is specialized on the fouling issue especially on ships hulls, and the development of antifouling coatings. There are two main types on the market: (i) Self-Polishing Coatings (SPC) based on hydrolyzable polymers which release toxic biocides into the environment, and (ii) Fouling Release Coatings which are non-adhesive poly(dimethylsiloxane) matrix coatings with no biocide. We decided to synthesize new antifouling binders by mixing both technologies through the synthesis of copolymers based on tri-alkylsilyl methacrylates (used in SPC binders) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (used in FRC binders). The RAFT process was used to control the architecture and molecular weights of polymers. We found that the diblock copolymers exhibited much lower surface energies than the statistical copolymers.


Why did you choose Polymer Chemistry to publish your work? (DOI: 10.1039/C3PY01603J)

Polymer Chemistry is a leading journal in the field of polymer science with high quality published papers. The reviewing and publishing process is very fast.


In which upcoming conferences may our readers meet you?

Our laboratory will organize the 18th International Congress of Marine Fouling and Corrosion (ICMCF) in Toulon, France (June 19-23, 2016).


How do you spend your spare time?

I spend my spare time doing sport such as swimming, hiking and rollerblading, but also cooking or going to the cinema. I like travelling abroad to discover new cultures, cuisines and ways of life.


Which profession would you choose if you were not a scientist?

I would probably be a primary school teacher or a pastry chef as I love to prepare cakes, especially the delicious “canelés” from Bordeaux!


Graphical abstract: Synthesis and characterization of diblock and statistical copolymers based on hydrolyzable siloxy silylester methacrylate monomersRead Dr Lejars’ latest Polymer Chemistry paper:

Synthesis and characterization of diblock and statistical copolymers based on hydrolyzable siloxy silylester methacrylate monomers
Marlène Lejars, André Margaillan and Christine Bressy
Polym. Chem., 2014,5, 2109-2117 DOI: 10.1039/C3PY01603J


Cyrille Boyer is a guest web-writer for Polymer Chemistry. He is currently an associate professor and an ARC-Future Fellow in the School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (Australia) and deputy director of the Australian Centre for NanoMedicine.

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Paper of the week: Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-grafted polyethyleneimine used as a transdermal penetration enhancer

‘The stratum corneum (SC) of skin is the main barrier against transdermal drug penetration, and poor permeability in the SC limits the usefulness of the transdermal drug administration route. Generally, drug permeation through the SC could be increased with skin permeation enhancers. Currently, enhancers most frequently used in transdermal drug delivery systems are neatly divided into three categories. One is organic solvents such as ethanol, propylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide. The second is surfactants such as cationic, anionic and nonionic surfactants. The last category is laurocapram and its derivative series. Nevertheless, their potential shortcomings have gradually been recognized, for their great irritation to skin or causing harm to organs. The practical use of enhancers requires the careful balancing of skin toxicity and permeation enhancement benefits’

Graphical abstract: In vitro and in vivo application of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-grafted polyethyleneimine used as a transdermal penetration enhancer

In this work, Xing and co-workers developed a new penetration enhancer based on hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-grafted polyethyleneimine (HP-β-CD–PEI). Its penetration mechanism relied on a change of the secondary structure of keratin in the stratum corneum to enhance the transcutaneous permeation of drugs. By using a series of in vitro and in vivo methods, this cationic polymer demonstrated great biocompatibility and could be valuable for topical delivery as a penetration enhancer to improve the penetration of hydrophilic drugs.

In vitro and in vivo application of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-grafted polyethyleneimine used as a transdermal penetration enhancer by Ke Wang, Yan Yan, Guilan Zhao, Wei Xu, Kai Dong, Cuiyu You, Lu Zhang and Jianfeng Xing, Polym. Chem. 2014, 5, 4658-4669.

Julien Nicolas is a web-writer and advisory board member for Polymer Chemistry. He currently works at Univ. Paris-Sud (FR) as a CNRS researcher.

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Polymer Chemistry Impact Factor rises to 5.37

We are delighted to announce that, according to the latest Journal Citation Reports®, Polymer Chemistry‘s Impact Factor* has increased to 5.368.

This is a great indication of the continued strength of Polymer Chemistry as it approaches its 5th anniversary, and we would like to take this opportunity to thank all our readers, authors, referees and board members for their support and engagement with the journal.

Even better news, the journal’s Immediacy Index# has risen to an impressive 1.713, the highest of all primary research journals in the Polymer Science category by some way.

Polymer Chemistry 2013 Immediacy Index

Immediacy Index is a measure of how quickly after publication articles in a journal are cited.  Polymer Chemistry‘s high number indicates that articles are being cited very quickly, and is testament to the high visibilty and relevance of the articles we publish to the polymer community.

So, to make sure your next polymer synthesis paper is seen and cited by fellow polymer chemists, we recommend submitting it to Polymer Chemistry!


Polymer Chemistry wasn’t the only Royal Society of Chemistry journal to see an increase in its Impact Factor this year.  Find a full list of our journals and their 2013 Impact Factors in this blog post.

*The Impact Factor provides an indication of the average number of citations per paper. Produced annually, Impact Factors are calculated by dividing the number of citations in a year by the number of citeable articles published in the preceding two years.

#Immediacy Index is the average number of citations in a given year to papers published in that year.

Data based on 2013 Journal Citation Reports®, (Thomson Reuters, 2014).

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Paper of the week: Hybrid organic–inorganic copolymers with self-healing properties

‘Over the last decade, a broad range of self-healing materials has emerged. Such systems, when they have been damaged, heal themselves either spontaneously or with the aid of a stimulus. Several of these materials draw their inspiration from the design of biological materials. On the other hand, hybrid materials or nanocomposites, defined as composites constituted of two components, one inorganic and the other one organic in nature mixed at the nanometer level, have attracted strong interest both in academia and industry. The combination at the nanoscale of organic and inorganic components leads to highly homogeneous materials, which develop extended organic–inorganic interfaces with tuneable chemical organic–inorganic bonds from weak to strong interactions.’

Graphical abstract: Nano-building block based-hybrid organic–inorganic copolymers with self-healing properties

In this work, Rozes and co-workers prepared new dynamic materials, that can repair themselves after strong damage, by hybridization of polymers with structurally well-defined nanobuilding units. The controlled design of cross-linked poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA) has been performed by introducing a very low amount of a specific tin oxo-cluster. Sacrificial domains with non-covalent interactions (i.e. ionic bonds) developed at the hybrid interface play a double role. Such interactions are strong enough to cross-link the polymer, which consequently exhibits rubber-like elasticity behavior, and labile enough to enable, after severe mechanical damage, dynamic bond recombination leading to an efficient healing process at room temperature. In agreement with the nature of the reversible links at the hybrid interface, the healing process can speed up considerably with temperature .

Nano-building block based-hybrid organic–inorganic copolymers with self-healing properties by F. Potier, A. Guinault, S. Delalande, C. Sanchez, F. Ribot and L. Rozes, Polym. Chem. 2014, 5, 4474-4479.

Julien Nicolas is a web-writer and advisory board member for Polymer Chemistry. He currently works at Univ. Paris-Sud (FR) as a CNRS researcher.

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Paper of the week: Cu(0)-mediated polymerization using high-throughput experimentation

‘Over the past decades, several types of controlled radical polymerization methods have been developed. The most popular methods are atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP). One of the more recently developed techniques, which appears to be very promising, is Cu(0)-mediated polymerization, known variously as SET-LRP or SARA-ATRP. Recent publications have shown significant progress in the area of Cu(0)-mediated polymerization. Among the monomers that have been polymerized in a controlled manner via Cu(0)-mediated polymerization are acrylates, methacrylates, vinyl chloride and (meth)acrylamides. However, for each monomer the polymerization conditions should be optimized, which is in general a very time consuming task.’

Graphical abstract: Cu(0)-mediated polymerization of hydrophobic acrylates using high-throughput experimentation

In this work, Hoogenboom and co-workers report the optimization of the Cu(0)-mediated polymerization of n-butyl acrylate (BA) and 2-methoxyethyl acrylate (MEA) via Cu(0)-mediated polymerization using an automated parallel synthesizer.  Using this robot, up to 16 kinetic reactions could be performed in parallel, resulting in a fast screening of different reaction conditions. Several parameters were optimized to determine the optimal reaction conditions with regard to control over the polymerization and reaction rate. These optimal reaction conditions were then used for the one-pot two-step synthesis of diblock copolymers by sequential monomer addition. Altogether, this work shows the power of high-throughput optimization of Cu(0)-mediated polymerization reaction conditions. As such, it may serve to accelerate optimization of Cu(0)-mediated polymerization conditions and aid in gaining fundamental understanding of the effects of various parameters on the Cu(0)-mediated polymerization.

Cu(0)-mediated polymerization of hydrophobic acrylates using high-throughput experimentation by Lenny Voorhaar, Sofie Wallyn, Filip E. Du Prez and Richard Hoogenboom, Polym. Chem. 2014, 5, 4268-4276.

Julien Nicolas is a web-writer and advisory board member for Polymer Chemistry. He currently works at Univ. Paris-Sud (FR) as a CNRS researcher.

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Polymer Chemistry is going weekly

From 2015, Polymer Chemistry will be moving to weekly publication. We will be increasing the number of issues per year from the current 24 to 48 whilst maintaing the high quality of the journal.

This is great news and a very positive way to mark Polymer Chemistry‘s fifth anniversary next year. It is because of the support we receive from the community that Polymer Chemistry has been going from strength to strength, and we would like to thank all of our readers, authors, referees and board members for their contributions to the journal.

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Paper of the week: Fully biodegradable antibacterial hydrogels

‘Bacterial infection is a serious problem in many areas, especially those involving the use of biomaterials. According to World Health Organization (WHO) statistics, at any time, over 1.4 million people worldwide suffer from infectious complications acquired in hospital, which have much to do with the use of medical devices. Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer networks that are able to retain a large fraction of aqueous solvent within their structures. Due to their high water content and soft consistency, which is similar to natural tissue, hydrogels resemble natural living tissue more than any other class of synthetic biomaterial. Therefore, hydrogels have received extraordinary attention as biomaterials for use in biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, wound dressing materials, immunoisolation16 and drug delivery. Thus, fabricating hydrogels with antibacterial properties is crucial for the biomedical field.’

Graphical abstract: Fully biodegradable antibacterial hydrogels via thiol–ene “click” chemistry

In this work, Zhu and co-workers prepared fully biodegradable antimicrobial hydrogels via a thiol–ene “click” reaction under human physiological conditions using multifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatives as precursors. Water soluble and degradable PEG derivatives with multi-enes and multi-thiols, respectively, were synthesized by polycondensation of oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) with “clickable” monomers. Ammonium groups with long alkyl chains were incorporated into one of the precursors covalently, using dodecyl bis(2-hydroxyethyl) methylammonium chloride as a comonomer.  These types of cationic PEG-type hydrogels showed strong antibacterial abilities against both Gram- negative and Gram-positive bacteria due to the ammonium moieties. Moreover, the hydrogel with fewer ammonium moieties still possessed significant antibacterial abilities, but low toxicity, and has the potential to be used as a medical material.

Fully biodegradable antibacterial hydrogels via thiol–ene “click” chemistry by Hong Du, Guangyu Zha, Lilong Gao, Huan Wang, Xiaodong Li, Zhiquan Shena and Weipu Zhu, Polym. Chem. 2014, 5, 4002-4008.

Julien Nicolas is a web-writer and advisory board member for Polymer Chemistry. He currently works at Univ. Paris-Sud (FR) as a CNRS researcher.

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Author of the Month: Prof. Dr. Jean Francois Carpentier

Prof. Dr. Jean Francois Carpentier received his PhD in 1992 in organic and macromolecular chemistry, University of Lille. He has received several awards, including Pasteur Medal of the graduate school “Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille”, Bronze medal of CNRS (1997), Recipient of the ATIPE fellowship from CNRS (2001), Recipient of the Rennes Metropole researcher award (2003), Junior member of Institut Universitaire de France (2005), Chevalier in Ordre des Palmes Académiques (2013), Silver Medal CNRS and Germaine et André Lequeux award from the French Academy of Sciences/Institut de France (2014). His research interests include organometallic chemistry of oxophilic elements (groups 2-6, 12-14); design of single-site (stereoselective) polymerization catalysts: metallocenes, post-metallocenes, Ziegler-Natta polymerization and oligomerization catalysis: polyolefins, polydienes, polyesters, functional polymer materials; homogeneous catalysis for fine chemicals synthesis: hydrogenation, hydroelementation, carbonylation and green chemistry and biorenewables, and biodegradable polymer materials. He has co-authored 236 publications in peer-reviewed journals; 48 original patents and 9 book chapters. He has co-supervised over 20 PhD students.

What was your inspiration in becoming a chemist?

 I grew up in a family with a strong appeal for nature and I have been interested in “natural things” from my earliest childhood. When I was 13, at school, I had a wonderful teacher who explained to us the connections between geology, physics and chemistry. I then started to collect minerals and, rapidly, I became more and more interested in the chemistry of these “stones”, trying to understand what they were made of. At 15, I was regularly performing “chemical experiments”, dissolving minerals by acidic treatments and trying to identify which elements were present by wet analytical tests (to the great fear of my parents! but they always encouraged me). Although I was hesitating for a time to become a pharmacist, I finally decided to embark on chemistry studies.

 What was the motivation to write your Polymer Chemistry article?

 Some years ago, my close colleague, Dr. Sophie Guillaume, a specialist in the field of polycarbonates and polyesters, and I started to look at the topical, so-called NIPUs: Non-Isocyanate PolyUrethanes, through the ring-opening of dicyclocarbonate-telechelic polyesters, some materials we are used to preparing in our group. With a former postdoc associate, Dr. Ali Alaaeddine who was working with Dr. Bruno Ameduri in Montpellier, a specialist in fluorinated polymers, we decided to explore fluorinated versions of polyhydroxyurethanes. We anticipated that the combination of these quite different functionalities would make rather unique materials.

 Why did you choose Polymer Chemistry to publish your work? (DOI: 10.1039/C4PY00547C)

Polymer Chemistry is a high-quality journal with a broad audience. The editorial and production teams are very well-organized and turn-around time for peer-reviewing and production is short.

In which upcoming conferences may our readers meet you?

Most of my research is devoted to organometallic catalysis, largely for polymerization catalysis. I will thus attend next July the International Conference on Organometallic Chemistry in Sapporo and the 41th International Conference on Coordination Chemistry in Singapore. Next December, I will attend the 10th SPSJ International Polymer Conference in Tsukuba, Japan.

How do you spend your spare time? Jean-François Carpentier and family

I enjoy spending time with my two kids and my wife. In winter time, all my colleagues know that I go hunting regularly. Extensive walking through the countryside refreshes my mind, gives me time for thinking quietly, and helps me keep fit (admittedly with difficulty…). Besides, I still very much enjoy taking care of my mineral collection that I have not stopped since childhood, visiting museums and mines; chemistry is never far away…

Which profession would you choose if you were not a scientist?

I would probably have become a forest guard or a fisherman.

Read Professor Carpentier’s latest Polymer Chemistry paper:

From glycidyl carbonate to hydroxyurethane side-groups in alternating fluorinated copolymers
Roukaya Hamiye, Ali Alaaeddine, Mouhamad Awada, Benjamin Campagne, Sylvain Caillol, Sophie M. Guillaume, Bruno Ameduri and Jean-François Carpentier  

 

Cyrille Boyer is a guest web-writer for Polymer Chemistry. He is currently an associate professor and an ARC-Future Fellow in the School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (Australia) and deputy director of the Australian Centre for NanoMedicine.

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Ben Zhong Tang interviewed in Chemistry World

Polymer Chemistry Associate Editor Ben Zhong Tang was interviewed for Chemistry World about his work on alkyne polymers and aggregation induced emission.

Here are some of the highlights:

Your research on aggregation induced emission (AIE) received a lot of attention. Can you tell us more about it?

There are a lot of light emitting materials. This type of material, if you dissolve it to make a dilute solution, gives a very strong emission. However, for many of these kinds of dyes, if their concentration becomes high, their emission becomes weaker. This phenomenon has often been referred to as aggregation-caused quenching or ACQ for short. This is a problem in things like mobile phone displays, where the light emitting material is used as thin solid film. In the solid state, you know, concentration is the highest.

We have developed a family of luminogenic materials that behave in exactly the opposite way. When they are in solution, there is no emission, but when they aggregate, they emit very efficiently. It’s unusual and intriguing: previously, people have tried to solve the problem of ACQ by trying to separate the light emitting molecules. But now we have a system where the more it aggregates, the better

You’ve used these systems recently to make biosensors.

Yes, one very good application for these systems is in biology. One of the reasons for this is that light emitting species are aromatic rings, which are hydrophobic. In the body, we don’t have organic solvents: we only have water. Water is hydrophilic, so it isn’t compatible with the aromatic molecules. Traditional ACQ systems are not very good for biological applications due to the aggregate formation, but our systems work well in water, also owing to the formation of aggregates!

What current problem would you like to see polymer chemistry provide a solution to?

There are so many problems! In China, pollution is a big issue and this includes plastics. If we can come up with an economic way to recycle polymers back to monomers, then make them into new polymers in an economic way, we could reduce environmental pollution. Energy, of course, is another issue. One day we may have a very good polymer-based solar cell.

Read the full interview on the Chemistry World website: Ben Zhong Tang: Polymers for a bright future

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Paper of the week: Macroporous antibacterial hydrogels with tunable pore structures

‘Porous hydrogels with well-defined pore structure have attracted considerable attention due to their multifarious applications such as scaffolds for tissue engineering, vehicles for drug delivery and self-healing materials. CO2-in-water (C/W) high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) and oil-in-water (O/W) HIPEs are considered as very effective templates to produce such kinds of high porosity hydrogels… In most cases, the O/W HIPEs are stabilized by large amounts of surfactants at high concentrations of 5–50 vol%, where the enormous quantity of surfactants presents economic and potential environmental problems. Therefore, much attention has been focused on the Pickering-HIPEs, which are stabilized by colloidal particles instead of traditional surfactants.’

Graphical abstract: Macroporous antibacterial hydrogels with tunable pore structures fabricated by using Pickering high internal phase emulsions as templates

In this work, Deng, Wang and co-workers prepared Artemisia argyi oil (AAO)-loaded macroporous antibacterial hydrogels by polymerization of oil-in-water Pickering HIPEs. The HIPEs were stabilized by the synergy of hydrophilic silica nanoparticles (N20) and surfactant Tween 80. The void interconnectivity and pore size of the hydrogels can be readily tailored by varying the concentrations of N20 nanoparticles and Tween 80. The in vitro release of the AAO-loaded hydrogels with different inner morphologies was evaluated and showed controlled release activity. The antibacterial activity of the AAO-loaded hydrogel was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This kind of hydrogel exhibited excellent and long-term antibacterial activity indicating its potential use in biomedical and infection prevention applications.

Macroporous antibacterial hydrogels with tunable pore structures fabricated by using Pickering high internal phase emulsions as templates by Shengwen Zou, Zengjiang Wei, Yang Hu, Yonghong Deng, Zhen Tonga and Chaoyang Wang, Polym. Chem. 2014, 5, 4227-4234.

Julien Nicolas is a web-writer and advisory board member for Polymer Chemistry. He currently works at Univ. Paris-Sud (FR) as a CNRS researcher.

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