Polymer Chemistry Author of the Week-Patrick Theato

Patrick Theato studied chemistry at the University of Mainz (Germany) and the University of Massachusetts, Amherst (USA), and obtained his Ph.D. degree under the supervision of Prof. R. Zentel at the University of Mainz in 2001. In 2002, he was awarded a Feodor Lynen Postdoctoral Research Fellowship from the Humboldt Foundation and joined the group of Prof. D.Y. Yoon at Seoul National University (Korea), where he worked as a postdoctoral fellow, followed by a short research stay at Stanford University (USA) with Prof C.W. Frank. In 2003, he joined the University of Mainz as a young faculty member and completed his Habilitation in 2007. Since 2009 he holds a joint appointment with the School of Chemical and Biological Engineering at Seoul National University within the World Class University (WCU) program. In 2011 he accepted a prize senior lectureship at the University of Sheffield (UK). Shortly after he moved to University of Hamburg (Germany), accepting a tenured associate professorship for polymer chemistry. His current research interests include the defined synthesis of reactive polymers, block copolymers, design of multi stimuli-responsive polymers, versatile functionalization of interfaces, hybrid polymers, polymers for electronics and templating of polymers.

Please follow the link to get more information about Patrick’s research group and his recent paper in Polymer Chemistry.

What was your inspiration in becoming a chemist?

Chemistry was my first love. Probably as every student, I was captivated by the fact that chemistry comes with a big bang and a lot of smoke. Who doesn’t remember his first explosion (those planned and those that happened surprisingly)? Seriously, from the first day on in middle school, I was fascinated by the art of creating something on a molecular level. Even though the concept of “molecular level” did not reveal itself to me during those early days. Besides, I was fond of the logic behind this art. The happy marriage of art and crafts-work is what I call chemistry and this motivates me even today.

What was the motivation behind the research in your recent Polymer Chemistry paper? (DOI: 10.1039/C0PY00314J)

Oh, I like this paper very much! It represents our very first approach of taking our expertise in post-polymerization modification chemistry, which we have mastered previously on the molecular level, to construct nanometer-sized objects. When it comes to nanoobjects, most approaches presented in the literature focus on the chemistry first and then utilize “self-assembly” of the building blocks into the desired nanoobject. We took the other way around. We first focused on the creation of the nanoobject (in the present case utilizing a templating approach) and then applied our post-polymerization modification strategies to dial-in the desired chemistry of the nanoobject. As we can control the dimensions and the chemical functionality of the nanoobject independently, it allows us to take the concepts from the synthesis of single polymer chains to the level of nanoobjects.

Why did you choose Polymer Chemistry to publish your work?

Polymer Chemistry was launched very recently, and I have to admit that I was rather skeptical at first about yet another journal. But once you look at the contents of the journal in more detail, you will realize that the journal indeed fills a gap that existed for a long time. The chance to concentrate on pure synthetic polymer chemistry is thrilling and an aspect that hardly any other high impact journal offers. I am convinced that it will be one of the top journals when it comes to polymer synthesis. Therefore it was a logical choice for our synthetic paper.

In which upcoming conferences may our readers meet you?

There are plenty of chances to meet me. Probably too many! [“laughs”]

The next conferences are Canadian Chemistry Conference and Exhibition in Montreal, Canada, the Gordon Research Conference for Polymers in South Hadley, USA, the ACS Fall meeting in Denver, USA, the 12th Pacific Polymer Conference on Jeju, Korea, and a couple of more small meetings. But readers may always feel free to contact me by email.

How do you spend your spare times?

Spare time? What is that? The rare moments of spare time I enjoy being with my family, travelling, cooking (interestingly, most chemists are good cooks) or fidgeting something on my computer.

Which profession would you choose if you were not a scientist?

Either being a comedian, a computer scientist or in any other way being a happy person.

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Polymer Chemistry Author of the Week – Neil Cameron

Neil Cameron undertook his B.Sc. (1987-1991) and Ph.D. (1991-1994) at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow. Following two post-doctoral periods, first in Eindhoven then at Heriot Watt University, he was appointed as a Lecturer in the Department of Chemistry at Durham University in October 1997. In 2005 he was promoted to Reader and in October 2008 to Professor. His research is focused on the preparation of bioactive and bio-inspired macromolecules. His research to date has led to the publication of >80 articles, reviews and book chapters and he has given >75 invited lectures at conferences and colloquiua. Currently, he is co-editing a major book on Porous Polymers. He was awarded the 2003 Young Researchers’ Medal from the Macro Group U.K. (a joint subject group of the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Society of Chemical Industry) and he was a Durham University Christopherson/Knott Fellow for 2008-09. He is currently a member of the EPSRC college, an Honorary Reader in the Faculty of Medical Sciences at the University of Newcastle and is a Committee Member of the Royal Society of Chemistry’s Biomaterials Interest Group. He was Durham University’s representative for the 2008 EPSRC International Review of Materials.

Please follow the links for further information on Neil’s research group and his recent paper in Polymer Chemistry.

What was your inspiration in becoming a chemist?

I had always enjoyed science and maths, but I had a very good chemistry teacher at school who introduced me to the wonders of chemistry.  I guess like many boys, I was initially interested in making explosions (!), but that was soon replaced with a more general interest in synthetic chemistry.  In those days, we did lots of experiments in the classroom (many of these would be illegal now!), which I found particularly inspiring.  When it came time to choose a subject to study at university, chemistry was the only thing I was interested in.

What was the motivation behind the research in your recent Polymer Chemistry paper?

We have been working on glycopolymers for quite a few years now.  It is widely known that they demonstrate multivalency, that is, the strength of binding to proteins (lectins) increases non-linearly with the number of sugar residues.  However, there are very few detailed examinations of this effect for linear glycopolymers.  We had been using RAFT to prepare glycopolymers of different chain lengths so it seemed like an ideal opportunity to probe the influence of chain length (and thus valency) on binding.  With techniques such as isothermal titration calorimetry and surface plasmon resonance you can determine not just the binding constant but also the thermodynamics of binding.

Why did you choose Polymer Chemistry to publish your work?

The paper is a contribution to a special issue on Bioconjugates, but we would most likely have submitted it to Polymer Chemistry anyway.  The journal is publishing really high quality articles and reviews, and we have been very impressed with how our previously published articles were dealt with.

In which upcoming conferences may our readers meet you?

The ACS National Meeting at Denver, where I will be talking about our work described in a previous article in Polymer Chemistry…  I am running a symposium on Porous Polymers in the PMSE program.

How do you spend your spare time?

I travel quite a lot so I spend all my free time with my family.  My son and I are training in karate, we’re both at 5th Kyu (blue belt) grade at the moment.  My hope is that we will take our black belt gradings together, so long as he doesn’t get there first!

Which profession would you choose if you were not a scientist?

I can’t think of anything that I would rather be doing – at least, nothing that I could get paid for!

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Top Ten most-read Polymer Chemistry articles in April

Here are the most-read Polymer Chemistry articles for April 2011:

Construction of mixed micelle with cross-linked core and dual responsive shells
Cong Chang, Hua Wei, Qian Li, Bin Yang, Ni Chen, Jin-Ping Zhou, Xian-Zheng Zhang and Ren-Xi Zhuo, Polym. Chem., 2011, 2, 923-930

Synthesis of thermoresponsive oxazolone end-functional polymers for reactions with amines using thiol-Michael addition “click” chemistry
The Hien Ho, Martin Levere, Jean-Claude Soutif, Véronique Montembault, Sagrario Pascual and Laurent Fontaine, Polym. Chem., 2011, 2, 1258-1260

Overcoming the PEG-addiction: well-defined alternatives to PEG, from structure–property relationships to better defined therapeutics
Matthias Barz, Robert Luxenhofer, Rudolf Zentel and María J. Vicent, Polym. Chem., 2011, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C0PY00406E

Photo-responsive, biocompatible polymeric micelles self-assembled from hyperbranched polyphosphate-based polymers         
Chaojian Chen, Gongyan Liu, Xiangsheng Liu, Shaopeng Pang, Congshan Zhu, Liping Lv and Jian Ji, Polym. Chem., 2011, 2, 1389-1397

Polymeric nanomaterials from combined click chemistry and controlled radical polymerization           
Rong Fu and Guo-Dong Fu, Polym. Chem., 2011, 2, 465-475

Optimizing the generation of narrow polydispersity ‘arm-first’ star polymers made using RAFT polymerization            
Julien Ferreira, Jay Syrett, Michael Whittaker, David Haddleton, Thomas P. Davis and Cyrille Boyer, Polym. Chem., 2011, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C1PY00102G

Thiol-ene “click” reactions and recent applications in polymer and materials synthesis
Andrew B. Lowe, Polym. Chem., 2010, 1, 17-36

Surface modification of carbon nanotubes with dendrimers or hyperbranched polymers
Jiao-Tong Sun, Chun-Yan Hong and Cai-Yuan Pan, Polym. Chem., 2011, 2, 998-1007

Functionalization of inorganic nanoparticles with polymers for stealth biomedical applications
Koon Gee Neoh and En Tang Kang, Polym. Chem., 2011, 2, 747-759

New micellar morphologies from amphiphilic block copolymers: disks, toroids and bicontinuous micelles
Simon J. Holder and Nico A. J. M. Sommerdijk, Polym. Chem., 2011, 2, 1018-1028

To keep up-to-date with all the best Polymer Chemistry research articles, sign up for the journal’s e-alerts here.

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Polymer Chemistry Author of the Week- Steve Howdle

Steve Howdle is currently leading his research group in the School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, UK. His main research interests are supercritical fluids, biomaterials, polymer modification, polymer composites, nanocomposites and devices. Steve is the chairman of the Macro Group UK, which is a joint interest group of the Royal Society of Chemistry and Society of Chemical Industry. Steve is also coach of the Toton Tigers Under 10s football squad and holds an official coaching award of the English FA.

Please follow the link to get more information about Steve’s research group and his recent paper in Polymer Chemistry.

What was your inspiration in becoming a chemist?

Just like many others, I was inspired by some very good chemistry teachers when I was at School – flashes, bangs, flames and smells – all the things that still attract young people to chemistry!

What was the motivation behind the research in your recent Polymer Chemistry paper?

I’ve been working with supercritical carbon dioxide for most of my career.  The world  has a problem with CO2 – and a great deal of effort and money is being channelled into collecting and storing it. I think we really ought to be using it!  Some chemists are activating it, some are polymerising it, I think that if just some of that CO2 could replace other solvents this could have a  large impact which would be very positive for the environment.  But it’s more than that – we have shown that there are many cases where you can carry out a reaction or a process in supercritical CO2 that you simply cannot achieve in a normal solvent – so there could be very real advantages to using CO2 – and that has been a major driver for my research recently with applications from polymer and material synthesis through to tissue engineering and drug delivery.

This particular paper is focussed on showing that some new inexpensive  polymers have high solubility in CO2 and could be used as effective surfactants and stabilisers for CO2. Up till now, only fluorinated and silicone based materials showed significant solubility, and these can be expensive and are not always environmentally benign. We hope that our paper will show that alternative, cheaper materials could be used, and hence open up more opportunities to exploit supercritical carbon dioxide.

Why did you choose Polymer Chemistry to publish your work?

It’s the first RSC Journal focussed on Polymers, and it really is a natural choice for quite a lot of my research.  This is my first paper in PC – but I’m sure there will be more!

In which upcoming conferences may our readers meet you?

The next conference I will be going to is quite unusual – The 6th Scientific and Engineering Conference with International Participation “Supercritical Fluids: Fundamentals, Technologies, Innovations” is being held on the shores of Lake Baikal, Siberia in early July!

How do you spend your spare time?

I have two teenage boys – both competitive swimmers – and I spend a lot of my time ferrying them to training and competitions (I’m writing these answers by the pool!).  I also love football, I still play (for a Veterans’ team) and I also coach kids – I am the manager of the Toton Tigers U13s squad.

Which profession would you choose if you were not a scientist?
Football player– but I wasn’t good enough!

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Hot Article: Photodecarbonylation and photoinitiated polymerization from a monomer and polymer based on the α-keto ester methacryloyl phenylglyoxylate

Researchers from Clarkson University have synthesised an α-keto ester methacryloylethyl phenylglyoxylate (MEPG), and its homopolymer, and tested their photoinitiation capabilities in a crosslinking monomer resin system.

This resin system contained bis-phenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). The CO evolution from the photoinduced decarbonylation led to a significant reduction in the volume shrinkage of the resin upon photocuring with UV light. The addition of an inorganic filler (SiO2) to the resin did not affect the CO generation and further reduced the volume shrinkage.

Interested to know more? Why not read the full article for free: K. Omrane, J.-J. Feng, R. E. Partch and D. A. Shipp, Polym. Chem., 2011, 2, 1307–1311.

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Hot Article: Overcoming the PEG-addiction: well-defined alternatives to PEG, from structure–property relationships to better defined therapeutics

Poly(ethylene glycol) is one of the most frequently used polymers for biomedical applications.

In this review, recent developments in controlled polymerisation techniques – and particularly those they allow alternatives to PEG – are highlighted. Key to the biological application of these techniques is a method by which to improve the properties of polymer therapeutics and several are presented in this review. However, a more comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions of synthetic materials with the numerous biological entities and barriers in the human body is necessary in order fine-tune their therapeutic impact.

Interested to know more? Why not read the full article for free: M. Barz, R. Luxenhofer, R. Zentel and M. J. Vicent, Polym. Chem., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/c0py00406e (Advance Article)

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Polymer Chemistry Author of the Week – Heather Maynard

Heather D. Maynard received a B.S. with Honors in Chemistry from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a M.S. in Materials Science from the University of California, Santa Barbara. Her Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology was awarded in the summer of 2000 for research in the group of Nobel Prize winner Robert Grubbs. She then moved to the laboratory of Jeffrey Hubbell at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH), where from 2000-2002 she was an American Cancer Society Postdoctoral Fellow. Dr. Maynard joined the UCLA faculty as an Assistant Professor in August 2002 as the first Howard Reiss Career Development Chair in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and as a member of the California NanoSystems Institute.  She is now an Associate Professor.  Maynard’s research interests include polymer synthesis, biohybrid materials, surface modification, and nanomedicine.

Please follow the link to get more information about Heather’s group and her recent paper in Polymer Chemistry.

What was your inspiration in becoming a chemist?
I have always been curious about how things work and like solving puzzles. In junior high I took a science class with a terrific teacher that covered physics, chemistry, and biology.  Although I enjoyed all of them, it was chemistry that really sparked my interest.  Even then the idea that I could come to understand the world around me at a molecular level and could create new materials enthralled me. At the age of twelve I decided to be a chemistry professor.

What was the motivation behind the research in your recent Polymer Chemistry paper? (DOI: 10.1039/C1PY00034A)
One of my main research interests is the synthesis and application of protein-polymer conjugates.  These conjugates are utilized as therapeutics to treat a range of human diseases, so we considered the synthesis and mode of action of known protein therapeutics.  The paper summarizes all of the FDA approved protein-polymer conjugates.  We teamed up with a medical doctor at UCLA to write this review, which describes the synthesis of these materials, as well as the biological activity, administration, and where possible the half-life information.  Since there are many polymer chemists interested in bioconjugates, we anticipated that a concise review of currently used therapeutics would be useful to the community.

Why did you choose Polymer Chemistry to publish your work?
Polymer Chemistry is an exciting new journal by the RSC, and we were pleased to be invited to take part in a themed issue on Polymer Bioconjugates.

In which upcoming conferences may our readers meet you?
I will attend the International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies in Singapore in June and the American Chemical Society Fall National Meeting in Denver.

How do you spend your spare time?
I enjoy spending time with my family and also like to mountain bike.

Which profession would you choose if you were not a scientist?
That is a hard question to answer as it is very difficult to imagine myself not a scientist.  Perhaps I would enjoy being an astronaut.

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Polymer Chemistry issue 6 out now!

On the front cover of issue 6 is An optical-logic system based on cationic conjugated polymer/DNA/intercalating dyes assembly for label-free detection of conformational conversion of DNA i-motif structure by Wei Huang and co-workers at Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications. The paper describes a strategy for the design, construction, and characterization of a novel supramolecular optical-logic system based on the assembly of a cationic conjugated polymer, DNA, and intercalating dyes.

The issue also contains three Hot Articles.

Read the full issue here:

Follow Polymer Chemistry on Twitter

 Polymer Chemistry News on Facebook

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Hot Article: Covalently incorporated protein–nanogels using AGET ATRP in an inverse miniemulsion

Covalently linked protein–nanogel hybrids (PNHs) have been synthesized using AGET ATRP in an inverse miniemulsion.

A genetically engineered protein, which contained a non-natural amino acid bearing an ATRP initiator, has been used to synthesise protein–nanogel hybrids by electron transfer ATRP in an inverse miniemulsion. This is an appropriate synthetic strategy to covalently, site specifically incorporate green fluorescent proteins into well-defined nanogels. The hybrids are expected to be suitable for potential controlled release applications.

Interested to know more? Why not read the full article for free: S. E. Averick, A. J. D. Magenau, A. Simakova, B. F. Woodman, A. Seong, R. A. Mehl and K. Matyjaszewski, Polym. Chem., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/c1py00050k (Advance Article)

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Hot Article: Photo-responsive, biocompatible polymeric micelles self-assembled from hyperbranched polyphosphate-based polymers

Researchers from Zhejiang University have constructed photo-responsive, biocompatible micelles from amphiphilic diazonaphthoquinone-modified hyperbranched polyphosphates.

HPHEEP–DNQ was synthesised by modification of hydrophilic hyperbranched polyphosphate (HPHEEP) with hydrophobic, light-responsive 2-diazo-1,2-naphthoquinone (DNQ). This polymer could then self-assemble into micelles. Model drug coumarin 102 was encapsulated into these micelles and its controlled release by UV irradiation was confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy. It was also proved that the micelles had excellent biocompatibility.

Interested to know more? Why not read the full article for free: C. Chen, G. Liu, X. Liu, S. Pang, C. Zhu, L. Lv and J. Ji, Polym. Chem., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/C1PY00094B (Advance Article)

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