Archive for October, 2013

Bioluminescence powers photosynthesis

Chinese chemists report that, in the absence of sunlight, bioluminescence can drive photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis uses energy from light to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and carbohydrates. Although light emitting diodes (LEDs) and fluorescent lamps have been tested as alternative light sources to natural sunlight, bioluminescence has received much less attention. Advantages of bioluminescence include no heat radiation, high energy conversion efficiencies and no electrical requirements.

When luminol is oxidised to its dianion form, by hydrogen peroxide and the enzyme horseradish peroxidase, it produces blue luminescence. In general, plants grown under blue light photosynthesise faster than plants grown under red or green light. Armed with this knowledge, Shu Wang and his team at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing have shown that blue luminescence generated from luminol can initiate photosynthesis in geranium leaves.

Blue luminescence, emitted when luminol is oxidised by hydrogen peroxide and horseradish peroxidase, can drive photosynthesis

Read the full article in Chemistry World»

Read the original journal article in ChemComm:
Bioluminescence as a light source for photosynthesis
Huanxiang Yuan, Libing Liu, Fengting Lv and Shu Wang  
Chem. Commun., 2013,49, 10685-10687, DOI: 10.1039/C3CC45264F

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ChemComm Emerging Investigator Lectureship 2014

We are delighted to invite nominations for ChemComm Emerging Investigator Lectureships 2014. The lectureships, which are awarded annually, will recognise emerging scientists in the early stages of their independent academic career.

2014 marks the 50th volume of ChemComm and in celebration of this very special anniversary we will be awarding three ChemComm Emerging Investigator Lectureships next year. So nominate a colleague today!

To qualify
To be eligible for the ChemComm Emerging Investigator Lectureship, the candidate should have completed their PhD on or after 4th September 2005. The candidate should also have published at least one article in ChemComm during the course of their independent career.

Lectureship details
The recipient of the Lectureship will be invited to present a lecture at three different locations over a 12 month period. It is expected that at least one of the locations will be a conference. The recipient will receive a contribution of £1500 towards travel and accommodation costs. S/he will also be presented with a certificate and be asked to contribute a ChemComm Feature Article.

Nominations
Those wishing to make a nomination should send the following details to the ChemComm Editorial Office by Friday 6th December 2013:

  • Recommendation letter, including the name, contact details and website URL of the nominee.
  • A one page CV for the nominee, including their date of birth, summary of education and career, list of up to five independent publications, total numbers of publications and patents and other indicators of esteem and evidence of independence.
  • A copy of the candidate’s best publication to date (as judged by the nominator).
  • Two supporting letters of recommendation from two independent referees. These should not be someone from the same institution or the candidate’s post doc or PhD supervisor.

The nominator and independent referees are requested to comment on the candidate’s presenting skills.

Please note that self nomination is not permitted.

Selection procedure
The ChemComm Editorial Board will draw up a short-list of candidates based on the information provided by the referees and nominator. Short-listed candidates will be asked to provide a supporting statement justifying why they deserve the Lectureship. The recipients of the Lectureship will then be selected and endorsed by the ChemComm Editorial Board, and will be announced in Spring 2014.

Previous winners

2013 Professor Louise A. Berben (University of California Davis, USA) for synthetic and physical inorganic chemistry, who will give a plenary lecture at ISACS 13 in Dublin.
2013 Dr Marina Kuimova (Imperial College London, UK) for biophysical chemistry who will give her Lectureship in 2014.
2012 Professor Hiromitsu Maeda (Ritsumeikan University, Japan) – he was presented with his lecture certificate at ICPOC 21.
2011 Dr Scott Dalgarno (Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK) – Find out about his Emerging Investigator Lecture tour in China.
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Intramolecular enolate arylation: formation of 4° amino-acid–derived hydantoins

The synthesis of quaternary amino acids is an important challenge facing researchers in bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. While there are a number of ways to transform tertiary amino acids into their quaternary counterparts, α-arylation of amino acids and their derivatives remains limited.

Now, in this HOT ChemComm article, Professor Jonathan Clayden and co-workers at the University of Manchester have revealed an elegant intramolecular arylation of tertiary amino acid derivates, which exploits the use of a urea linkage to connect the amino acid derivative—a nitrile or acid—and the aryl “electrophile”. During the course of the reaction, this N-aryl substituent migrates to the α-carbon of the amino acid moiety. This is followed by a cyclisation, leading to a heterocyclic hydantoin derivative. The reaction is mediated by strong base, and is thought to proceed via the metallated enolate.

Interestingly, the researchers found that the migration of the aryl ring was not influenced by its electronic properties, and that the transition-metal–free reaction could be applied successfully to a range of natural and unnatural tertiary amino acid substrates. If the tertiary amino acid nitrogen is protected with a PMB (p-methoxybenzyl) group, the resulting hydantoin product can subsequently be hydrolysed, affording the acyclic quaternary amino acid.

The reaction was monitored by in situ infrared spectroscopy (ReactIR) to identify the reaction intermediates and cast light on the mechanism of the arylation. Further details of the ReactIR analysis can be found in the electronic supplementary information. Ultimately, Clayden and his group hope to further develop this useful methodology to allow the enantioselective arylation of amino acids.

For more, check out this HOT ChemComm article in full:

Rachel C. Atkinson, Daniel J. Leonard, Julien Maury, Daniele Castagnolo, Nicole Volz and Jonathan Clayden
Chem. Commun., 2013, 49, 9734–9736
DOI: 10.1039/C3CC46193A

Ruth E. Gilligan is a guest web-writer for ChemComm.  She has recently completed her PhD in the group of Prof. Matthew J. Gaunt at the University of Cambridge, focusing on the development and application of C–H functionalisation methodology.

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