Studying reaction mechanisms in the solid state

Photochemical reactions in crystals can show excellent selectivity, thanks to the rigid environment. But the development and applications of reactions in crystals has suffered due to a lack of mechanistic insight.

Now Miguel Garcia-Garibay, at the University of California, Los Angeles, US, and colleagues have published the first report addressing the absolute reaction kinetics of a reaction taking place in the crystalline solid state, using conventional pump-probe methods with excitation in the nanosecond and femtosecond time domains.

Graphical abstract: Steady state and transient kinetics in crystalline solids: the photochemistry of nanocrystalline 1,1,3-triphenyl-3-hydroxy-2-indanone

They studied the Norrish type I decarbonylation of a 2-indanone in solution and as a nanocrystalline suspension and, for the first time, detected the radical intermediates involved in the reaction.

To find out more, download the group’s Chemical Science Edge article for free.

Thinking of submitting an article yourself? No colour charges, no page charges or limits, and free access* providing wide visibility – make Chemical Science your number one choice for your very best research.

* until the end of 2011

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Enantioselective synthesis of cyclic carbamimidates

A racemic Au(I)-catalysed three-component reaction has been developed by US scientists to prepare cyclic carbamimidates from imines, terminal alkynes and sulfonylisocyanates. This reaction exploits the carbophilic π-acidity of gold catalysts to first activate an alkyne toward deprotonation and then to activate the internal alkyne generated toward intramolecular O-cyclisation.

Unlike similar previously reported multicomponent gold-catalysed reactions, the stereocentre generated during the alkynylation is preserved in the product. This trait was exploited by developing an enantioselective variant, using an unusual trans-1-diphenylphosphino-2-arylsulfamidocyclohexane ligand.

Graphical abstract: Enantioselective synthesis of cyclic carbamimidates via a three-component reaction of imines, terminal alkynes, and p-toluenesulfonylisocyanate using a monophosphine gold(i) catalyst

Moderate to excellent levels of enantioselectivity were obtained using a variety of N-arylbenzylidene anilines.

Find out more:
M J Campbell and F D Toste, Chem. Sci., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00160d

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Recognising the best organic chemistry

a trophyOn Monday I attended the RSC Organic Division Awards Symposium at the University of Cambridge. Organised by Chemical Science Associate Editor Matthew Gaunt, the symposium recognised three 2010 RSC award winners for their impressive contributions to organic chemistry

First up was Bader Award winner Professor Kevin Booker-Milburn (University of Bristol, UK) who stressed the ongoing importance of curiosity in organic synthesis. He discussed his research on organic photochemistry, in particular how his group had managed to scale up organic photochemistry reactions using continuous flow reactors.

Next Hickinbottom Award winner Dr Matthew Clarke (The University of St Andrews, UK) split his approaches to controlling enantioselectivity in asymmetric synthesis into the sensible (asymmetric hydroformylation); the silly (using supramolecular synthesis to make libraries of catalysts); the scientific (rational design of hydrogenation catalysts); and the serendipitous (palladium-catalysed hydroxycarbonylations).

Last, but by no means least, Professor Dieter Enders (RWTH-Aachen, Germany), winner of the Robert Robertson award, discussed his work on asymmetric organocatalysis and revealed he has been an RSC member since before I was born.

Many thanks to Martin Swarbrick from the Organic Division for presenting the prizes, Matthew Gaunt for the organisation and, of course, the three speakers for delivering excellent and enjoyable lectures.

Also of interest:
N-heterocyclic carbene catalysed asymmetric cross-benzoin reactions of heteroaromatic aldehydes with trifluoromethyl ketones
Dieter Enders, André Grossmann, Jeanne Fronert and Gerhard Raabe, Chem. Commun., 2010, 46, 6282-6284

On the rate-determining step and the ligand electronic effects in rhodium catalysed hydrogenation of enamines and the hydroaminomethylation of alkenes
José A. Fuentes, Piotr Wawrzyniak, Geoffrey J. Roff, Michael Bühl and Matthew L. Clarke, Catal. Sci. Technol., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/C1CY00026H

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Putting chemical biology in the spotlight

Spanning a vast field of chemistry and biology, it is hard not to notice the flurry of activity and excitement surrounding chemical biology research at the moment. We are seeing chemistry being cleverly applied to biology, in an attempt to understand and answer important biological questions, by directly probing living systems at the chemical level. Areas such as proteomics, glycobiology, combinatorial chemistry, RNA/DNA, microarrays, proteins, peptides (and many, many more!) are becoming prominent topics in the general chemistry literature.   

Here at Chemical Science, we have two fantastic Associate Editors, who handle all submissions in the chemical biology and bioorganic fields; Professor Thomas Carell (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtät München, Germany) and Professor Benjamin F Cravatt (Scripps, USA). We also have the full support from our dynamic team of chemical biology experts on the Chemical Science Advisory Board; Ben Davis, Linda Hsieh-Wilson, Scott Miller, Paul Reider, Oliver Seitz, Weihong Tan and Jason Chin. 

  

Chemical Science Associate Editor, Professor Benjamin Cravatt

Why not submit your own exciting chemical biology research to Chemical Science today? Our Associate Editors, Professors Thomas Carell and Benjamin Cravatt, handle all submissions within the chemical biology field and eagerly await your next exciting, high impact submission!    

 

Chemical Science Associate Editor, Professor Thomas Carell

We’ve already published some excellent articles in the field of chemical biology and below we’ve given you a little taster. As a reminder, all articles published in Chemical Science are free to access until the end of 2011, so go ahead and enjoy the free content!

Comparative bioinformatics analysis of the mammalian and bacterial glycomes
Alexander Adibekian, Pierre Stallforth, Marie-Lyn Hecht, Daniel B. Werz, Pascal Gagneux and Peter H. Seeberger
Chem. Sci., 2011, 2, 337-344
The programming role of trans-acting enoyl reductases during the biosynthesis of highly reduced fungal polyketides
Mary N. Heneghan, Ahmed A. Yakasai, Katherine Williams, Khomaizon A. Kadir, Zahida Wasil, Walid Bakeer, Katja M. Fisch, Andrew M. Bailey, Thomas J. Simpson, Russell J. Cox and Colin M. Lazarus
Chem. Sci., 2011, 2, 972-979
Development and evaluation of new cyclooctynes for cell surface glycan imaging in cancer cells
Henning Stöckmann, André A. Neves, Shaun Stairs, Heather Ireland-Zecchini, Kevin M. Brindle and Finian J. Leeper
Chem. Sci., 2011, 2, 932-936
Fragment screening against the thiamine pyrophosphate riboswitch thiM
Elena Cressina, Liuhong Chen, Chris Abell, Finian J. Leeper and Alison G. Smith
Chem. Sci., 2011, 2, 157-165
DNA-programmed spatial screening of carbohydrate–lectin interactions
Christian Scheibe, Alexander Bujotzek, Jens Dernedde, Marcus Weber and Oliver Seitz
Chem. Sci., 2011, 2, 770-775
Dissecting tunicamycin biosynthesis by genome mining: cloning and heterologous expression of a minimal gene cluster
Filip J. Wyszynski, Andrew R. Hesketh, Mervyn J. Bibb and Benjamin G. Davis
Chem. Sci., 2010, 1, 581-589
End-functionalized glycopolymers as mimetics of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans
Song-Gil Lee, Joshua M. Brown, Claude J. Rogers, John B. Matson, Chithra Krishnamurthy, Manish Rawat and Linda C. Hsieh-Wilson
Chem. Sci., 2010, 1, 322-325
Discovery of an orexin receptor positive potentiator
Jiyong Lee, M. Muralidhar Reddy and Thomas Kodadek
Chem. Sci., 2010, 1, 48-54

 

One last thing, you may also be interested to know that the following ISACS5 conference is coming up soon too:-

ISACS 4 Manchester

Call for posters – deadline 27 May 2011
Early bird
registration – deadline 27 May 2011
Registration – deadline 24 June 2011

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Hardy MOFs endure extreme conditions

The most chemically and thermally stable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) yet have been made by a team in the US. The MOFs could surpass zeolites as industrial catalysts.

Natural zeolites are porous alumina-silicate rocks used as catalysts in industrial processes. However, their pore sizes and surface functionalisations are difficult to alter, which limits their performance. MOFs – made by joining up metal oxide clusters with linking organic molecules – have similar structures to zeolites and are therefore of interest as alternatives. Until now, they have not been robust enough to withstand the conditions that zeolites undergo during industrial processes. Traditionally, MOFs have only been stable in temperatures up to 500 degrees Celsius, have low chemical stability and some even fall apart in water.

Jeffrey Long from the University of California, Berkeley, and colleagues have made MOFs that can withstand temperatures of 510 degrees Celsius and a pH range of 2 to 14. They made the MOFs by reacting a metal salt, such as nickel chloride or nickel nitrate, with trispyrazolylbenzene. The organic molecules were deprotonated and the functional groups were bound to the metal to create a three-dimensional network.

Scheme of formation of MOFs

Find out more by reading the full news story in Chemistry World and downloading Professor Long’s Chemical Science Edge article.

Also of interest:
Modifying MOFs: new chemistry, new materials
Seth M. Cohen, Chem. Sci., 2010, 1, 32-36

Hydrogen storage and carbon dioxide capture in an iron-based sodalite-type metal–organic framework (Fe-BTT) discovered via high-throughput methods
Kenji Sumida, Satoshi Horike, Steven S. Kaye, Zoey R. Herm, Wendy L. Queen, Craig M. Brown, Fernande Grandjean, Gary J. Long, Anne Dailly and Jeffrey R. Long, Chem. Sci., 2010, 1, 184-191

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Top ten most accessed articles in March

This month sees the following articles in Chemical Science that are in the top ten most accessed:-

A synthesis of strychnine by a longest linear sequence of six steps 
David B. C. Martin and Christopher D. Vanderwal 
Chem. Sci., 2011, 2, 649-651, DOI: 10.1039/C1SC00009H, Edge Article 

Hydroxyl-directed C-H carbonylation enabled by mono-N-protected amino acid ligands: An expedient route to 1-isochromanones 
Yi Lu, Dasheng Leow, Xisheng Wang, Keary M. Engle and Jin-Quan Yu 
Chem. Sci., 2011, 2, 967-971, DOI: 10.1039/C0SC00633E, Edge Article 

Benzoquinone-derived sulfinyl imines as versatile intermediates for alkaloid synthesis: Total synthesis of (-)-3-demethoxyerythratidinone 
Kangway V. Chuang, Raul Navarro and Sarah E. Reisman 
Chem. Sci., 2011, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C1SC00095K, Edge Article 

Transition metal-catalyzed cross coupling with N-acyliminium ions derived from quinolines and isoquinolines 
Thomas J. A. Graham, Jason D. Shields and Abigail G. Doyle 
Chem. Sci., 2011, 2, 980-984, DOI: 10.1039/C1SC00026H, Edge Article 

Asymmetric catalytic reactions by NbO-type chiral metal-organic frameworks 
Kyung Seok Jeong, Yong Bok Go, Sung Min Shin, Suk Joong Lee, Jaheon Kim, Omar M. Yaghi and Nakcheol Jeong 
Chem. Sci., 2011, 2, 877-882, DOI: 10.1039/C0SC00582G, Edge Article 

Catalytic, enantioselective synthesis of stilbene cis-diamines: A concise preparation of (-)-Nutlin-3, a potent p53/MDM2 inhibitor 
Tyler A. Davis and Jeffrey N. Johnston 
Chem. Sci., 2011, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C1SC00061F, Edge Article 

Dialkylbiaryl phosphines in Pd-catalyzed amination: a user’s guide 
David S. Surry and Stephen L. Buchwald 
Chem. Sci., 2011, 2, 27-50, DOI: 10.1039/C0SC00331J, Perspective 

Optimization of distyryl-Bodipy chromophores for efficient panchromatic sensitization in dye sensitized solar cells 
Safacan Kolemen, O. Altan Bozdemir, Yusuf Cakmak, Gokhan Barin, Sule Erten-Ela, Magdalena Marszalek, Jun-Ho Yum, Shaik M. Zakeeruddin, Mohammad K. Nazeeruddin, Michael Grätzel and Engin U. Akkaya 
Chem. Sci., 2011, 2, 949-954, DOI: 10.1039/C0SC00649A, Edge Article 

A quantum-chemical perspective into low optical-gap polymers for highly-efficient organic solar cells 
Chad Risko, Michael D. McGehee and Jean-Luc Brédas 
Chem. Sci., 2011, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C0SC00642D, Perspective 

Cation-induced molecular motion of spring-like [2]catenanes 
Alexandre V. Leontiev, Christopher J. Serpell, Nicholas G. White and Paul D. Beer 
Chem. Sci., 2011, 2, 922-927, DOI: 10.1039/C1SC00034A, Edge Article 

Why not take a look at the articles today and blog your thoughts and comments below.

Fancy submitting an article to Chemical Science? Then why not contact us today with your suggestions.

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Register now for ISACS meetings to receive early bird discount

challenges in renewable energy (ISACS 4)

Call for posters – deadline 6 May 2011
Early bird registration – deadline 6 May 2011
 – Registration – deadline 3 June 2011
www.rsc.org/isacs4

ISACS 4 Manchester

Call for posters – deadline 27 May 2011
Early bird registration – deadline 27 May 2011
Registration – deadline 24 June 2011
www.rsc.org/isacs5

 
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Molybdenum sulfide hydrogen evolution catalysts

Amorphous molybdenum sulfide films are highly active hydrogen evolution catalysts, say researchers from Switzerland.

Xile Hu and colleagues made the catalysts from relatively cheap and abundant elements. The catalysts offer significant advantages over noble metal catalysts, they say. The catalysts can be easily prepared in a procedure that is amenable to large scale manufacture, they work in water and are compatible with a wide range of pHs.

‘Our results provide new opportunities for the development of renewable and economic hydrogen production technologies,’ says the team.

Read more for free in Chemical Science or check out the news story on the EPFL website.

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Expanding the pleuromutilin class of antibiotics by de novo chemical synthesis

US scientists have made new pleuromutilin-like compounds that show promise as leads for the development of new antibiotics. Erik Sorensen and colleagues made the compounds in approximately 11 steps from 3-allylcyclopent-2-enone by a strategy featuring sequential carbonyl addition reactions.

They found that the compounds displayed activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Graphical abstract: Expanding the pleuromutilin class of antibiotics by de novo chemical synthesis

‘As we move forward in our effort to expand the structural and stereochemical diversity of the pleuromutilin class of antibiotics, there is a high likelihood that we will discover additional, new compounds with promising activity against M. tuberculosis and possibly resistant strains of TB as well as other bacteria,’ say the team.

Download the article, which is free to access in Chemical Science.

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Molecular fridge can reach millikelvin

Molecular coolerScientists have laid the foundations for a high-performance ‘molecular fridge’ capable of reaching temperatures within a few thousandths of a degree of absolute zero (0K) with a high degree of efficiency. Such ultracoolers could have applications in areas such as ultra-low temperature physics, where alternative technologies such as those that rely on expensive and rare helium-3 could be unsuitable or too costly.

The system relies on a phenomenon called the magneto-caloric effect, where the removal of a magnetic field from a ferromagnetic material causes a drop in temperature. The key to achieving a high magneto-caloric effect is to have a material with many unpaired electrons, all of whose spin states are aligned.

Euan Brechin from the University of Edinburgh in the UK, Keith Murray from Monash University in Australia and Marco Evangelisti from the University of Zaragoza in Spain and their colleagues designed a molecule based on gadolinium and copper, which can be cooled to a few millikelvin.

Read the rest of the news story on the Chemistry World website and download the group’s Chemical Science Edge article for free.

Think this is cool? Let us know by leaving your comments below.

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