RSC Advances Blog

We are very pleased to introduce Juan A. Allegretto and Matías Rafti, authors of the paper ‘Synthesis and characterization of thermoresponsive ZIF-8@PNIPAm-co-MAA microgel composites with enhanced performance as an adsorption/release platform‘. Their article has been very well received and handpicked by our reviewers and handling editors as one of our HOT articles. Matías was kind enough to tell us more about the work that went into this article and what they hope to achieve in the future. You can find out more about the authors and their article below and find more HOT articles in our online collection.

Meet the Authors

Juan A. Allegretto holds a Chemistry BSc from the National University of La Plata (Universidad Nacional de La Plata – 2016), and currently conducts a PhD project related to MOFs synthesis and integration into diverse composites at the Universidad de San Martin, Argentina under the supervision of Professor Omar Azzaroni and Dr. Matías Rafti at SoftMatter Lab-INIFTA-UNLP with an scholarship granted by CONICET.

Dr Matías Rafti holds a Chemistry BSc from the National University of La Plata (Universidad Nacional de La Plata – 2003), and completed a PhD project on simulations and experiments for Heterogenous Catalysis under vacuum conditions, (2007, Prof. Vicente (Argentina, UNLP), and Prof. Imbihl (PCI, University of Hannover, Germany). He is currently a Staff Researcher at CONICET-Argentina and docent at the SoftMatter Lab-INIFTA-UNLP. Our current projects take advantage of both the synergy arising from close-collaboration with lab members with diverse expertise (e.g., x-ray scattering techniques, organic synthesis, electrochemistry, colloidal chemistry), and the wide range of available techniques allowing for a thorough physical and chemical characterization; in order to pursue the synthesis of MOF composite materials (either in colloidal suspensions or film configuration) with potential for applications in energy-related and sensing technologies.

Could you briefly explain the focus of your article to the non-specialist (in one or two sentences only) and why it is of current interest?
We aim to develop integrated materials (aka “composites”) using building blocks which would bring different features together; to combine such components in a robust composite while maintaining functionality is a non-trivial task. Taking advantage of the expertise developed in our lab covering aspects of polymer science (softmatter) and (somehow “harder”) porous polymers (Metal Organic Frameworks or MOFs); we developed a straightforward strategy which yields MOF@Polymeric_Microgel composites featuring stimuli-responsiveness (microgel) and enhanced surface area available for adsorption (MOF).

How big an impact could your results potentially have?
The novel strategy presented is very versatile, the Zn-based ZIF-8 MOF used as proof-of-concept could be easily replaced by other MOFs, which were already employed in many interesting applications beyond adsorption. Furthermore, the MOF/Microgel composition of such highly integrated composites can be controlled, thus opening the path to new design strategies towards stimuli-responsive adsorbants.

Could you explain the motivation behind this study?
This work was inspired by our experience working with stimuli responsive polymeric materials and the idea of conferring such an interesting platform with additional features. We had also been working recently in the synthesis of various MOFs for diverse uses (eg. adsorption); such materials are known to suffer from hydrolysis under mild/strong conditions in aqueous environments, and such drawback hinders the otherwise immense field of applications possible. The idea behind the reported work aimed to extend the scope of uses of polymeric microgels by endowing them with high surface area; and at the same, to provide additional stability for the embedded MOF phase, thus broadening the range of conditions suitable for adsorption in aqueous environments.

In your opinion, what are the key design considerations for your study?
Our study is based in a meticulous selection of the composition and chemical nature of the different players, and basic chemistry notions: by introducing moieties into the microgel’s network capable to precoordinate or preconcentrate the Zn cations, we have taken advantage of the well-known coordination chemistry to direct its heterogeneous nucleation and growth of the crystalline ZIF-8 inside the microgel.

Which part of the work towards this paper proved to be most challenging?
The strategy for integration of MOF and microgel phases into the composite involves the use of a pre-coordination stage, in which metal ions were adsorbed onto exposed carboxylate moieties for subsequent MOF grow within the polymeric phase. The two main challenges we faced in the present work can be summarized as follows; i) finding the appropriate concentration of pre-coordinated ionic metal precursors for MOF growth (which can be controlled by many parameters; e.g., the amount of carboxylate moieties exposed in the microgel, or the concentration of Zn2+ ions and exposure time during the preconcentration stage); and ii) finding the appropriate conditions for controlling the swelling state of the microgel which would be compatible with MOF growth (i.e., methanol content, and ionic strength).

What aspect of your work are you most excited about at the moment?
In our laboratory we continually look for opportunities to combine the know-how developed in different research areas explored by staff researchers. In particular, we are very excited about the many possibilities opened by the integration of MOFs, MOFs/Polymers and MOFs/biomolecules composites into electrochemical platforms with applications in energy storage/conversion and biosensing.

What is the next step? What work is planned?
Regarding the work related to the present article, the next evident step would be to extend the characterization of the synthetized composite and to explore its possibilities as adsorptive platform. Specifically to explore new ways to confer selectivity and to acquire further control on loading/release mechanism.

Synthesis and characterization of thermoresponsive ZIF-8@PNIPAm-co-MAA microgel composites with enhanced performance as an adsorption/release platform
Juan A. Allegretto, Juan M. Giussi, Sergio E. Moya, Omar Azzaroni and Matias Rafti
RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 2453-2461
DOI: 10.1039/C9RA09729E , Paper

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Meet the Author
We are very pleased to introduce Gerrard Marangoni, corresponding author of the paper ‘m-s-m cationic gemini and zwitterionic surfactants – a thermodynamic analysis of their mixed micelle formation‘ with Aleisha McLachlan, Kulbir Singh, Michael McAlduff, Samantha Shortall and Shawn D. Wettig. His article has been very well received and handpicked by our reviewers and handling editors as one of our HOT articles.

Gerrard was kind enough to tell us more about the work that went into this article and what he hopes to achieve in the future. You can find out more about Gerrard and his article below and find more HOT articles in our online collection.

Dr. Gerrard Marangoni is a Professor of Chemistry at St. Francis Xavier University in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada. He began his research career in colloid science as an undergraduate and graduate student; he subsequently worked with Atomic Energy of Canada Limited on the thermodynamics of radioactive compounds, and since 1992 has been at StFX University in the Department of Chemistry studying self-assembly of amphiphilic compounds. He has over 25 years of experience in surfactant and colloidal chemistry, a number of highly cited publications, and is a named author on close to 100 research papers, reports, patents and patent applications. Dr. Marangoni is a co-founder of two startup companies a member of several scientific advisory committees.

Could you briefly explain the focus of your article to the non-specialist (in one or two sentences only) and why it is of current interest?
Mixed surfactants systems are important in a number of commercial applications – understanding how they interact on a molecular level is a first step to learning how to improve their performance.

How big an impact could your results potentially have?
For gemini surfactants, researchers are keenly aware of the contribution of the spacer groups towards their self-assembly – we now also appreciate that it can play a significant role in the self-assembly of mixed surfactants system with gemini and other surfactants.

Could you explain the motivation behind this study?
Synergism is often discussed from a thermodynamic standpoint, but rarely are the appropriate excess thermodynamic functions measured experimentally. From our previous investigation with these same systems, we observed some key differences in the synergistic effects due to a slight change in the length of the spacer group. We were eager to see how those differences (conclusions drawn from 2D NMR NOESY and conductivity experiments) showed up in the thermodynamic parameters of micelle formation; hence the calorimetry study.

In your opinion, what are the key design considerations for your study?
Calorimetric titration studies require careful attention to the design of each experiment with respect to concentration(s) of titrant, the size of each injection, and the number of injections. Poor design often results in a great deal of “trial and error” in order to obtain high quality thermodynamic/binding data.

Which part of the work towards this paper proved to be most challenging?
While our group has a great deal of experience with the calculation of the various thermodynamic parameters described in this work, the number of calculations involved, combined with the multiple thermodynamic models utilized make the calculations challenging.

What aspect of your work are you most excited about at the moment?
How well the results from the nmr experiments and calorimetry complemented each other!

What is the next step? What work is planned?
We are currently examining how the synergism extends to other key aspects and applications of surfactants (drug delivery, solubilization).

m-s-m cationic gemini and zwitterionic surfactants – a thermodynamic analysis of their mixed micelle formation
Aleisha McLachlan, Kulbir Singh, Michael McAlduff, D. Gerrard Marangoni, Samantha Shortall and Shawn D. Wettig
RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 3221-3232
DOI: 10.1039/C9RA09432F, Paper

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Meet the Author
We are very pleased to introduce Peige Wang, co-author of the paper ‘A polypropylene mesh coated with interpenetrating double network hydrogel for local drug delivery in temporary closure of open abdomen‘ with Ze Li, Changliang Wu, Zhen Liu, Zhenlu Li, Xingang Peng, Jinjian Huang and Jianan Ren. His article has been very well received and handpicked by our reviewers and handling editors as one of our HOT articles. Peige was kind enough to tell us more about the work that went into this article and what he hopes to achieve in the future. You can find out more about Peige and his article below and find more HOT articles in our online collection.

Peige Wang is currently the Director of Emergency Department and Emergency Surgery at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao and works at the Department of Infectious Diseases and Critical Care, Chinese Medical Association Surgery Branch. He is also Vice Chairman of the Professional Committee of Parenteral Fistula of the Surgical Branch of Chinese Medical Association and Deputy Chief of the Perioperative Group, China Anorectal Board.

Could you briefly explain the focus of your article to the non-specialist (in one or two sentences only) and why it is of current interest?
The double-network hydrogel combined the stiffness and elastic ability as well as in situ forming property. It can significantly reduce the inflammatory irritation caused by temporary abdominal closure friction and greatly reduce complications of the open abdomen.

The double-network hydrogel has great potential for practical application in medicine, especially in the treatment of open abdomen through temporary abdominal closure.

How big an impact could your results potentially have?
Our study provides an advantagous temporary abdominal closure (TAC) biomaterial with good mechnical strength, drug releasing ability and wound healing for management of defected abdominal wall, and will have great potential clinical applications.

Could you explain the motivation behind this study?
Temporary abdominal closure (TAC) technology is prone to complications such as intestinal fistulas when treating open abdomen (OA). We hope to design hydrogels with appropriate stiffness and elasticity to reduce local inflammation and reduce the occurrence of complications in patients.

In your opinion, what are the key design considerations for your study?
The reaction substrate of the double-network hydrogel and appropriate reaction ratio.

Which part of the work towards this paper proved to be most challenging?
Results and discussion. Being a doctor requires knowledge of polymer material to process relevant data and conduct analysis and discussion.

What aspect of your work are you most excited about at the moment?
The emergence and commercialization of more related hydrogels can greatly reduce the incidence of complications of open abdomen (OA) in patients, speed up the recovery time of patients, reduce the length of hospital stay and medical costs.

What is the next step? What work is planned?
We will further study OA-related hydrogels and promote the commercialization of hydrogels for their use in OA patients.

A polypropylene mesh coated with interpenetrating double network hydrogel for local drug delivery in temporary closure of open abdomen
Ze Li, Changliang Wu, Zhen Liu, Zhenlu Li, Xingang Peng, Jinjian Huang, Jianan Ren and Peige Wang
RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 1331-1340
DOI: 10.1039/C9RA10455K Paper

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We are very pleased to introduce Atmika Paudel and Kazuhisa Sekimizu, authors of the paper ‘GPI0363 inhibits the interaction of RNA polymerase with DNA in Staphylococcus aureus’. Their article has been very well received and handpicked by our reviewers and handling editors as one of our HOT articles. Atmika and Kazuhisa were kind enough to tell us more about the work that went into this article and what they hope to achieve in the future. You can find out more about the authors and their article below and find more HOT articles in our online collection.

Meet the Authors

Dr Atmika Paudel received her undergraduate degree in Pharmacy in 2005 from Tribhuvan University in Nepal and went on to complete a Masters and PhD in Pharmaceutical Biology under the supervision of Professor Kazuhisa Sekimizu from the University of Tokyo in 2010 and 2013, respectively. Since graduation, Dr. Paudel has been a Research Fellow at the University of Tokyo and Teikyo University in Japan. Her research interest includes the discovery of novel therapeutically active antimicrobial agents active against drug-resistant superbugs using the silkworm infection model.

Professor Kazuhisa Sekimizu received his PhD in 1979 from the University of Tokyo by under the supervision of Professor Den’ichi Mizuno and is currently serving as the professor and director of Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology Japan. In his early years, Professor Sekimizu studied RNA polymerase and transcription elongation factor S-II in mammalian cells under the supervision of Professor Shunji Natori and initiation of DNA replication in Escherichia coli under the supervision of Professor Arthur Kornberg. His current research interest includes the development of silkworm as an animal model for the identification of therapeutic drugs and functional foods.

Could you briefly explain the focus of your article to the non-specialist (in one or two sentences only) and why it is of current interest?
SigA, an essential enzyme required for bacterial transcription, does not exist in human beings and can be targeted for the development of antibiotics that specifically inhibit microbial growth. In this study, we found that GPI0363, a SigA binding antibiotic, inhibits transcription in a different manner compared to other transcription inhibitors recently in clinical use.

How big an impact could your results potentially have?
Microorganisms regularly acquire resistance against antibiotics used in the clinic. To overcome this problem, we should be ready to provide another antibiotic with a novel mode of action and a narrow spectrum of activity. The activity of GPI0363 against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus will allow us to develop this molecule as a therapeutic approach against drug-resistant pathogens.

Could you explain the motivation behind this study?
GPI0363 was identified in our laboratory by using the silkworm infection model in 2017. In our earlier study, we found that a single mutation in SigA was responsible for resistance to this antibiotic. This suggested that SigA can be a druggable target for antimicrobial agents and GPI0363 could be a new kind of SigA inhibitor. Thus, we were intrigued to study the underlying mechanism of the antistaphylococcal action of GPI0363. In this study, we explain the proof of concept for the utilization of SigA as a target of antimicrobial agents.

In your opinion, what are the key design considerations for your study?
Due to several problems associated with absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET), most of the antimicrobial agents that display activity in vitro do not show the in vivo activity. For this reason, we use silkworms at the beginning of screening so that the compounds that do not display therapeutic activity can quickly be discarded at the early stage.

In your article you mention that GPI0363 can serve as a promising lead molecule to develop staphylococcal RNA polymerase inhibitors. Please could you tell us more about this?
SigA is present in bacteria and differs among bacterial species. Our findings suggest that GPI0363 is selective towards the inhibition of staphylococcal RNA polymerase via SigA, thus can be used for the development of tailor-made medicines for the same. Further studies in GPI0363 through the structure-activity relationship study should lead to the discovery of compounds with more potent inhibitory activity and better therapeutic activity.

Which part of the work towards this paper proved to be most challenging?
The experiment to prove which step of transcription is inhibited was the most challenging to us. Our purified RNA polymerase fraction of Staphylococcus aureus contained a small amount of SigA and it was difficult to identify if GPI0363 inhibited the interaction of SigA with RNA polymerase core enzyme. To overcome this issue, we used Escherichia coli RNA polymerase core enzyme and S. aureus SigA to prepare a hybrid RNA polymerase holoenzyme.

What aspect of your work are you most excited about at the moment?
At this moment, I am excited for two reasons:
a. GPI0363 does not harbor cross-resistance against clinically used inhibitors of RNA polymerase.
b. We have a lead molecule to start with for the development of antimicrobial agents with therapeutic activity.

What is the next step? What work is planned?
As the next step, we plan to perform a structureactivity relationship study through the synthesis of a large number of GPI0363 derivatives; and perform crystal structure analysis of staphylococcal SigA in the presence of GPI0363.

GPI0363 inhibits the interaction of RNA polymerase with DNA in Staphylococcus aureus
Atmika Paudel, Suresh Panthee, Hiroshi Hamamoto and Kazuhisa Sekimizu
RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 37889-37894
DOI: 10.1039/C9RA06844A, Paper

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We are very pleased to introduce Takeharu Haino, co-author of the paper ‘A protocol for size separation of nanographenes’ along with Ikuya Matsumoto and Ryo Sekiya. His article has been very well received and handpicked by our reviewers and handling editors as one of our HOT articles. Professor Takeharu Haino was kind enough to tell us more about the work that went into this article and what he hopes to achieve in the future. You can find out more about the authors and their article below and find more HOT articles in our online collection.

Meet the Author

Takeharu Haino is a Professor in the Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University. His research field is supramolecular chemistry.

Could you briefly explain the focus of your article to the non-specialist (in one or two sentences only) and why it is of current interest?
Oxidative cutting method basically results in various sizes of graphenes which are tough to separate easily. This paper describes quick and convenient method that separates various sized graphenes via dialysis.

How big an impact could your results potentially have?
A chromatographic method is potentially effective for separation purpose; but, it is very time-consuming and tedious. This method is very convenient and quick to obtain practical amount of graphenes in various sizes.

Could you explain the motivation behind this study?
We needed to have uniform size graphenes to obtain reproducible results.

In your opinion, what are the key design considerations for your study?
A key point for this study is to obtain uniform graphenes in a practical scale.

In your article you mention that the separated nanographenes can be employed as starting materials for carbon-based functional materials. . Do you have a particular application in mind?
One of my dreams is to make efficient catalysts with these graphenes.

Which part of the work towards this paper proved to be most challenging?
The quality of graphenes is often a trade-off in relation to its quantity. It is challenging to obtain high quality graphenes in a practical scale using dyalisis.

What aspect of your work are you most excited about at the moment?
What we prepared in this paper, we believe, is one of the highest quality graphenes via such a easy method.

What is the next step? What work is planned?
We would like to functionalize these graphenes for functional material with chirality.

A protocol for size separation of nanographenes
Ikuya Matsumoto, Ryo Sekiya and Takeharu Haino
RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 33843-33846
DOI: 10.1039/C9RA07528C, Paper

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We are very pleased to introduce Jin Liu and Zehua Lin, authors of the paper ‘Low-temperature all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries based on a di-cross-linked starch solid electrolyte‘. Their article has been very well received and handpicked by our reviewers and handling editors as one of our HOT articles. Jin Liu and Zehua Lin were kind enough to tell us more about the work that went into this article and what they hope to achieve in the future. You can find out more about the authors and their article below and find more HOT articles in our online collection.

 
Meet the Authors

Jin Liu is a Professor in the School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, China. She received her Ph.D. degree from the Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, USA, in 2006. Her research interests include electrochemistry and surface chemistry.

Zehua Lin is a Master student in the School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, China, under the supervision of Professor Jin Liu and now studying in University of Utah, USA, as a visiting scholar. He received his bachelor’s degree in New Energy Materials and Devices in 2017 from Central South University. His research interests include investigation of new energy materials for all-solid-state lithium battery.

Jin Liu’s research group

Could you briefly explain the focus of your article to the non-specialist (in one or two sentences only) and why it is of current interest?
We are trying to investigate low-temperature applications of solid-state lithium batteries by designing new solid electrolytes. Although solid-state batteries have superior safety and energy density, their application is restricted by high operation temperature due to the inferior ionic conductivity and interfacial property of solid electrolytes. We believe only when solid-state batteries break through the limitation of high operation temperature can they satisfy the application in daily lives.

How big an impact could your results potentially have?
Our work reports the solid-state LFP battery achieves about 70% and 30% theoretical capacity at 0 ^oC and -20 ^oC separately, which is a significant progress on the study of solid-state batteries operating in such low temperature.

Could you explain the motivation behind this study?
Our team has been studying solid-state batteries since 2011. Solid-state batteries still do not satisfy performance criteria of liquid batteries working at low temperatures. We hope to make more improvement to that so we started this work.

In your opinion, what are the key design considerations for your study?
For the base materials, we use starch due to its hydroxy-rich and stable structure. By double cross-linking reactions with KH560 and BH₃ to modify the –OH groups into –C-O-C–groups, we construct an orderly ether-bonded net for lithium salt dissolution and hybridize organic compounds with inorganic elements of B and Si at a molecular level to obtain this stable solid electrolyte.

In your article you mention that the findings provide a solution to solve the current challenges of ASSLIBs to widen their scope of applications. Do you have a particular application in mind?
Solid-state batteries circumvent leakage and flammability problems facing liquid batteries, enabling potential application in foldable electric devices. This would allow for powering of wearable electronics in clothing and other wireless devices.

Which part of the work towards this paper proved to be most challenging?
The experiments can be the most challenging part. Because the ingredients are sensitive to humidity but, unfortunately, the weather in Changsha city is mostly damp. So, we have to pay attention to prevent from moisture when keeping or transferring our materials.

What aspect of your work are you most excited about at the moment?
Our work demonstrates such a solid electrolyte battery can charge/discharge at 0 ^oC and even at -20 ^oC. The extremely low temperature ranges are exciting advancements for solid-state batteries.

What is the next step? What work is planned?
The solid-state battery has been developed for operation in low temperatures, but there is still a long way to actual application. Also, the mechanism of lithium-ion conducting in solid electrolytes is still unclear. We are going to continue our low temperature study to investigate the mechanism including the charge transfer in solid electrolyte and between the solid/solid interfaces of electrolyte and electrodes, and to improve the battery performance in the aspects of fast-charging/discharging and scale-up.

Low-temperature all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries based on a di-cross-linked starch solid electrolyte
Zehua Lin and Jin Liu
RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 34601-34606
DOI: 10.1039/C9RA07781B, Paper

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Meet the Author
We are very pleased to introduce Jawameer R. Hama, co-author of the paper ‘Pyrrolizidine alkaloids quantified in soil and water using UPLC-MS/MS‘ with Bjarne W. Strobel. His article has been very well received and handpicked by our reviewers and handling editors as one of our HOT articles. Jawameer was kind enough to tell us more about the work that went into this article and what he hopes to achieve in the future. You can find out more about Jawameer and his article below and find more HOT articles in our online collection.

Hama received his Master degree in Analytical Chemistry from Bangor University (UK), 2013. In 2017, He became a PhD fellow at University of Copenhagen, Denmark, under the supervision of Dr. Bjarne W. Strobel. His research project focuses on quantification of crop produced natural toxins in groundwater.

Could you briefly explain the focus of your article to the non-specialist (in one or two sentences only) and why it is of current interest?
The article reports a fast, reliable, and sensitive analytical method to analyse pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in environmental samples, such as water and soil. To do this we optimised the sample preparation and analytical parameters.

How big an impact could your results potentially have?
There is a substantial impact of the study. We have pointed out that PAs can contaminate surface water, especially where there is a lot of vegetation containing PAs. This is because the concentration is much higher when compared with the pesticide concentration limits in water.

Could you explain the motivation behind this study?
We were motivated to know the fate of PAs in environmental samples, especially water, as my whole project is about water analysis. PAs are reported in food and feed – meaning they are stable and persist.

In your opinion, what are the key design considerations for your study?
There are several key designs in the study including planning and using the capacities in the house. Using an analytical system that is not in our house would be too costly. On the other hand, the capacity we have is moderately up to date.  In addition, we considered how the analytical platform could be improved compared to those already reported before by other authors. Thus, we have listed parameters to optimize the platform that haven’t been done before. The location and time of sampling are crucial too.

In your article you mention that the findings may be used as platform to further study PAs in natural water and aquifers. Do you have a particular application in mind? How does it work?
The method is validated for environmental samples, further applications would look at and analyse water samples in the areas close to water bodies where the plants containing PAs are the main vegetation. It would also test the efficiency of waste water treatment plant stations to test if PAs end up in the drinking water as well as screen and monitor the groundwater – especially in places where groundwater is used as drinking water. For that only a sample from the location is required, then the rest of the work would be quickly done in the lab.

Which part of the work towards this paper proved to be most challenging?
The sample type was challenging because this was the first time we have optimized the method for environmental samples (soil and water). When you analyse soil and water samples, it is crucial to eliminate the matrix effect during sample preparation and analysis. In addition, the sample volume was also challenging as it determines the limit of lab work and analysis.

What aspect of your work are you most excited about at the moment?
The concentration and the compound types are very exciting, because we proved our hypothesis that PAs are stable and persist in the environment. If not, we would have given up or changed the route of the project long before.

What is the next step? What work is planned?
We plan to collect lists of samples from potential locations and design the field scale of the locations to know what the main factors that drive PAs in water are. We also plan to correlate seasonal growth of plants, weather (precipitation, snow, temperature) and time of sampling to understand the effect of them.

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Quantified in Soil and Water using UPLC-MS/MS
Jawameer R. Hama and Bjarne W. Strobel
RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 30350-30357
DOI: 10.1039/C9RA05301H, Paper

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