Explosives detector

Graphical abstract: Hyperbranched conjugated poly(tetraphenylethene): synthesis, aggregation-induced emission, fluorescent photopatterning, optical limiting and explosive detectionA promising fluorescent chemosensor for explosives detection has been developed by researchers in China.

The team made hyperbranched polymers by the polycyclotrimerisation of tetraphenylethenes. The compounds were thermally stable with high degradation temperatures under nitrogen and in air. They are non-emissive or weakly fluorescent in solution; they become strong emitters when aggregated in poor solvents and in the solid state, demonstrating aggregation-induced or enhanced emission.

The emission of the polymer in the solution and aggregated states can be quenched efficiently by picric acid (the explosives TNT and DNT exert a similar effect to picric acid on the light emission of the polymer) with large quenching constants, suggesting that it is a promising fluorescent chemosensor for detecting explosives. Read the article for free until 14th May.

Reference: Rongrong Hu ,  Jacky W. Y. Lam ,  Jianzhao Liu ,  Herman H. Y. Sung ,  Ian D. Williams ,  Zhounan Yue ,  Kam Sing Wong ,  Matthew M. F. Yuen and Ben Zhong Tang, Polym. Chem., 2012, DOI: 10.1039/C2PY20057K (Advance Article)

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Polymer Chemistry Author of the Week – Kristofer Thurecht

Photograph of Kristofer Thurecht Dr Kristofer Thurecht graduated from the University of Queensland, Australia, in 2005 with a PhD in polymer chemistry. He took up a postdoctoral position in the UK working on polymer synthesis in supercritical CO2 with Prof. Steve Howdle at Nottingham University. In 2007, Dr Thurecht was simultaneously awarded a Ramsay Centenary Fellowship and 1851 Research Fellowship in the UK. Dr Thurecht returned to Australia in 2008 on an ARC Australian Postdoctoral Fellowship. He currently holds a joint position with the Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) and the Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) at the University of Queensland. His current interests lie in developing polymer architectures for theranostics. He is an ARC Future Fellow.

What was your inspiration in becoming a chemist?
When I was in high school I had a fantastic science teacher who set up a lunch-time science club. He encouraged us to do many different experiments across all disciplines of science including biology, chemistry and physics. We made rockets, studied fossils and of course, blew things up! This was what piqued my interest in science and this carried through to University. I think this early excitement with the broader sciences has dictated my career path into polymer chemistry where research now is very much an interdisciplinary field.  

What was the motivation behind the research in your recent Polymer Chemistry Minireview (DOI:10.1039/C2PY20132A)?
Nanomedicine is an extremely dynamic field that bridges various disciplines. One important component of nanomedicine is the ability to diagnose and monitor diseases, and ultimately, probe the efficacy of a treatment/therapy. An integral part of this research is the development of more sensitive molecular imaging agents. Polymers offer obvious advantages for molecular imaging, in particular the ability to control circulation times in vivo, excretion mechanisms as well as allowing the possibility for multi-modal imaging. We are particularly motivated by the exciting development of new hardware that allows dual imaging in a single instrument – advancement of this technology can only be realised by concomitant development of biologically relevant imaging probes. We believe that polymers will (and already do) play a significant role in this field and this inspired us to write the current research article.

Why did you choose Polymer Chemistry to publish your work?
In the two years since its inception, Polymer Chemistry has consistently published high quality articles in the various streams related to polymer research. I thought this was a great forum to describe the evolving application of polymers in molecular imaging. RSC journals also have a very fast publication rate which always is a bonus!

In which upcoming conferences may our readers meet you?

  • 3rd International Nanomedicine Conference, Sydney, Australia, July 2-4, 2012.
  • Warwick2012, Warwick, UK, July 9-12, 2012.
  • World Molecular Imaging Congress, Dublin, Ireland, September 5-8, 2012.

How do you spend your spare time?
My spare time is almost always spent with the family. We love camping and fishing in particular, and also spend a lot of time in our vege garden (also a good way to get kids to eat their vegetables!!!!).

Which profession would you choose if you were not a scientist?
If I wasn’t a chemist, I would probably have been a veterinarian, or maybe a marine biologist – working on the Barrier Reef every day is somewhat appealing!

(Posted on behalf of Cyrille Boyer)

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Top accessed Polymer Chemistry Reviews of 2011

Polymer Chemistry publishes highly relevant reviews by some of the leading researchers in their fields every year. We realise it can be difficult to keep on top of all the current research out there. 

Please find below a list of the most downloaded reviews for 2011 for your convenience. We hope this helps you to keep in touch with what your peers are reading and what is hot in your field. All these reviews are available for free until 22nd May. 

1. Multiresponsive polymers: nano-sized assemblies, stimuli-sensitive gels and smart surfaces
George Pasparakis and Maria Vamvakaki
Polym. Chem., 2011, 2, 1234-1248 

2. Diels–Alder “click” reactions: recent applications in polymer and material science
Mehmet Atilla Tasdelen
Polym. Chem., 2011, 2, 2133-2145 

3. Polymeric nanomaterials from combined click chemistry and controlled radical
Polymerization

Rong Fu and Guo-Dong Fu
Polym. Chem., 2011, 2, 465-475 

4. Functional polymers for optoelectronic applications by RAFT polymerization
Graeme Moad, Ming Chen, Matthias Häussler, Almar Postma, Ezio Rizzardo and San H. Thang
Polym. Chem., 2011, 2, 492-519 

5. Overcoming the PEG-addiction: well-defined alternatives to PEG, from structure–property relationships to better defined therapeutics
Matthias Barz, Robert Luxenhofer , Rudolf Zentel and María J. Vicent
Polym. Chem., 2011, 2, 1900-1918 

6. Conjugated polymer nanostructures for organic solar cell applications
Jiun-Tai Chen and Chain-Shu Hsu
Polym. Chem., 2011, 2, 2707-2722 

7. Functionalization of inorganic nanoparticles with polymers for stealth biomedical applications
Koon Gee Neoh and En Tang Kang
Polym. Chem., 2011, 2, 747-759 

8. New micellar morphologies from amphiphilic block copolymers: disks, toroids and bicontinuous micelles
Simon J. Holder and Nico A. J. M. Sommerdijk
Polym. Chem., 2011, 2, 1018-1028 

9. Benzotriazole containing conjugated polymers for multipurpose organic electronic applications
Abidin Balan, Derya Baran and Levent Toppare
Polym. Chem., 2011, 2, 1029-1043 

10. Surface modification of carbon nanotubes with dendrimers or hyperbranched polymers
Jiao-Tong Sun, Chun-Yan Hong and Cai-Yuan Pan
Polym. Chem., 2011, 2, 998-1007 

Don’t forget to keep up-to-date with all the latest research you can sign-up for the Polymer Chemistry RSS feed or Table of contents alert

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Paper of the Week: High molecular weight acrylonitrile–butadiene architectures designed by a RAFT/click chemistry toolbox

a-Functional nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) building blocks prepared by RAFT were employed in the copper catalyzed 1,3-dipolar azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) upon addition of 1,4-bis(azidomethyl)benzene, providing the first successful approach to employ the orthogonal conjugation technique on this technically important class of synthetic rubbers. Moreover, the use of CuAAC was extended towards the side-chain modification of acrylonitrile–butadiene rubbers as well as applied in the synthesis of branched and cross-linked NBR structures. With this toolbox in hand, a wide variety of future applications is accessible, as for example the synthesis of block-copolymers or the use of acrylonitrile–butadiene rubbers in covalent surface immobilization.

High molecular weight acrylonitrile–butadiene architectures via a combination of RAFT polymerization and orthogonal copper mediated azide–alkyne cycloaddition by Christoph J. Dürr ,  Sebastian G. J. Emmerling ,  Paul Lederhose ,  Andreas Kaiser ,  Sven Brandau ,  Michael Klimpel and Christopher Barner-Kowollik Polym. Chem. 20123, 1048-1060.

To keep up-to-date with all the latest research, sign up for the journal’s e-alerts or RSS feeds or follow Polymer Chemistryon Twitter or Facebook.

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Polymer Chemistry Paper of the Week: A new story of cyclodextrin as a bulky pendent group causing uncommon behaviour to random copolymers in solution

Graphical abstract: Facile glycosylation of dendrimers for eliciting specific cell–material interactions

Micellization of block copolymers has been one of the hottest research areas in chemistry and materials science for more than thirty years. In recent years more and more functional groups including supramolecular hosts or guests have been successively introduced into copolymers.
Sakai et al. reported a series of random copolymers of poly[(N-isopropyl acrylamide)-co-(aminoethyl methacrylate-b-cyclodextrin)] (PNiCD) and investigated their properties by SLS and DLS. They showed that the copolymer has a rather rigid conformation, which can be attributed to the presence of the pendent bulky CD groups along the copolymer backbone. Interestingly, when the neat copolymer is heated above its LCST, thermoinduced self-assembly takes place, leading to aggregates, the size of which depends on the heating rates.

A new story of cyclodextrin as a bulky pendent group causing uncommon behaviour to random copolymers in solution by Fuji Sakai, Guosong Chen and Ming Jiang Polym. Chem. 20123, 954-961.

To keep up-to-date with all the latest research, sign up for the journal’s e-alerts or RSS feeds or follow Polymer Chemistryon Twitter or Facebook.

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Hair and polymers click

In the search for new haircare products, scientists in the UK have developed a new method to chemically modify hair with polymers.

Diagram of polymer grafted to hair

The polymer can be covalently grafted to the surface of hair under mild conditions

Polymers are present within many haircare products and are used to modify the appearance of hair, for example to make it straighter or to change its colour. These polymers modify the surface of the hair and as they are used in a personal and uncontrolled setting, mild and efficient chemistry is required. Typically, there is a non-covalent interaction between the polymer and hair; however, scientists are now looking at methods to form a covalent bond between the polymer and hair in the hope of enhancing the polymer’s effects.

David Haddleton and coworkers at the University of Warwick, in collaboration with Unilever, have demonstrated for the first time the ability to covalently bond polymers synthesised by cobalt catalysed chain transfer polymerisation (CCTP) to hair.

CCTP is a method to synthesise macromonomers that have a reactive unsaturated vinyl end-group, which can react with thiol groups found on the surface of hair using thiol-ene click chemistry under mild conditions. In addition, the team also showed that a fluorescent tag could be attached to the polymer, demonstrating the further modification of the polymer. ‘The use of low-cost controlled polymerisation methods to give efficient and specific surface modification onto surfaces is highly exciting,’ says Ezat Khoshdel from Unilever.

Now that it is known that polymers can be covalently bound to hair, the team is ‘interested in what type of properties we can change, and what are essentially the limitations of what we are doing,’ says Haddleton.

Greg Qiao, an expert in polymer chemistry at the University of Melbourne, Australia, says that ‘the work provides a general method for modification of a biological surface and has the potential to produce new healthcare products for human hair’.

Biological surface modification by ‘thiol-ene’ addition of polymers synthesised by catalytic chain transfer polymerisation (CCTP)
Stacy Slavin, Ezat Khoshdel and David M. Haddleton
DOI: 10.1039/C2PY20040F

Read the original Chemistry World article here

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Video Interview: Neil Cameron discusses bioactive polymers

Neil Cameron talks to Russell Johnson about his research on bioactive polymers and what he thinks are the hot topics in polymer chemistry.  

Neil Cameron talks to Polymer Chemistry

Watch the video interview on YouTube here:

Here is a selection of Professor Cameron’s recent research published in Polymer Chemistry.

Paper: The binding of polyvalent galactosides to the lectin Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA120): an ITC and SPR study
Sebastian G. Spain and Neil R. Cameron
Polym. Chem., 2011, 2, 1552-1560.

Communication: Preparation of emulsion-templated porous polymers using thiol–ene and thiol–yne chemistry
Elaine Lovelady, Scott D. Kimmins, Junjie Wu and Neil R. Cameron
Polym. Chem., 2011, 2, 559-562.

Review: A spoonful of sugar: the application of glycopolymers in therapeutics
Sebastian G. Spain and Neil R. Cameron
Polym. Chem., 2011, 2, 60-68.

 

Don’t forget to keep up-to-date with all the latest research you can sign-up for the Polymer Chemistry RSS feed or Table of contents alert.

To keep up with the latest news you can Like us on Facebook or Follow us on Twitter.Follow Polymer Chemistry on TwitterLike Polymer Chemistry on Facebook

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Polymer Chemistry Author of the Week – Henri Cramail

Henri Cramail received his engineering degree from the Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux in 1987. He obtained his PhD from the LCPO, University of Bordeaux 1, in 1990 for studies in the field of ring-opening metathesis polymerization under the supervision of Profs Alain Soum and Michel Fontanille. After a post-doctoral stay with Prof. W.J. Feast at the University of Durham, U.K., he became an Assistant Professor of Polymer Chemistry at the University of Bordeaux 1 and, since 1999, he has been appointed Professor of Polymer Chemistry at the same University. In 2004, he was awarded the position of Junior Member of the ‘Institut Universitaire de France’. Since 2007, he is the Director of the Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO). His research interests concern (i) the coordination polymerization of olefins with a specific focus on single-site catalyst organic supports, (ii) step-growth polymerizations in dispersed media (organic phase, water, super critical CO2) to design core-shell particles with specific properties and, more intensively today, (iii) the development of new bio-based polymers from renewable resources (vegetable oils, terpenes) through green pathways (catalysis and processes).

Please follow the link for further information on Henri’s laboratory and his recent paper in Polymer Chemistry.

What was your inspiration in becoming a chemist?

The real motivation to be a chemist is probably the strong will to discover and to ‘create’ something new that can have an impact in our daily life! But shall I (we) succeed?

What was the motivation behind the research in your recent Polymer Chemistry paper? (DOI: 10.1039/c2py00588c)

It is well-known that metallocene catalysts used for olefin polymerization have to be fixed onto a support to be used in industry. However, some single site catalysts may be deactivated or loose their stereoselectivity when supported on classical inorganic carriers (MgCl2, silica) and, in addition, traces of these inorganic supports may remain in the polyolefin material thus affecting its properties. Making more versatile organic supports composed of self-assemblies of either functional polymers or block-copolymers can thus be a solution to overcome these two issues. Moreover, the methodology we have developed in this manuscript is very simple and quite efficient to prepare polyolefin beads, under mild conditions.

Why did you choose Polymer Chemistry to publish your work?

This is a relatively new journal that attracted me because of the quality of the work published and also because having a new journal mostly devoted to the Chemistry of polymers is, from my point of view, very important for our scientific community.

In which upcoming conferences may our readers meet you?

I will attend the 103rd AOCS meeting in California (Long Beach, CA) on 01-04 may 2012 and the 44th IUPAC world Polymer Congress in Virginia on 24-29 june 2012.

How do you spend your spare time?

I practise sports as much as I can (running, playing ‘pelote basque’) and I also try to manage a family wine business (Bordeaux Wine of course!)…

Which profession would you choose if you were not a scientist?

Probably a (true) wine-maker (chemistry again!)

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Conference: Europolymer Conference 2012 (EUPOC 2012), 3rd – 7th June

Polymer Chemistry has organised a poster prize at EUPOC 2012. Organised by The European Polymer Federation the conference will be held near Lake Garda at the Palazzo Feltrinelli, Gargnano, Italy. The topic of the 2012 conference is: “Porous Polymer-based Systems: From Design to Application”

The organisers hope the conference will bring together the various disparate communities that work on porous polymers. These communities include those working on the development of materials for membranes, catalysis, absorption, microelectronics, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and lightweight materials. The conference will present topics with similar underlying themes that originate in a variety of research areas with very different perspectives.

The Invited Speakers include:
Markus Antonietti
, MPI-KG Golm (Germany); Alexander Bismarck, Imperial College (UK); Neil R. Cameron, University of Durham (UK); Andrew I. Cooper, University of Liverpool (UK); Herve Deleuze, Université Bordeaux I (France); Gaetano Guerra, Università di Salerno (Italy); Neil McKeown, Cardiff University (UK); Philippe Mesini, CNRS (France); Manuel Monleón Pradas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (Spain); Julio San Román, CSIC (Spain); Edwin L. Thomas, Rice University (USA); Mathias Ulbricht, Universität Essen (Germany); Ulrich Wiesner, Cornell University (USA).

For more information about the meeting, please see the web site: http://www.dcci.unipi.it/eupoc2012/ 

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Poster Prize winner at Dutch Polymer Days

Congratulations to Dr Yulan Chen (Eindhoven University of Technology) for winning the Polymer Chemistry poster prize at the recent Dutch Polymer Days conference in Lunteren, The Netherlands.

Dr Yulan Chen’s winning poster was on “Mechanically induced chemiluminescence  in polymers”.

 

 

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