Plant plastics reach for the stars – Green Chemistry article in Chemistry World

Aminoethoxy ethanol substituted phosphazene

Virginia Nykänen and colleagues at Aalto University, Finland have transformed rice starch into a temporally stable, optically transparent, biodegradable plastic with a high degree of mechanical strength and good thermal resistance.

This important step towards bioplastics made from simple and sustainable resources has potential applications in food packaging and biomedical materials.

Read the full article here in Chemistry World.

This paper is free to access until 8 September, so download it now:

V P S Nykänen et al, Green Chemistry, 2014, DOI: 10.1039/c4gc00794h

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3rd International Symposium on Green Chemistry

The 3rd International Symposium on Green Chemistry will be taking place from May 3–7, 2015 in La Rochelle, France.

ISGC-2015 will bring together all those who are involved with research in green chemistry: academic scientists, R&D researchers, key opinion leaders, and young researchers. A unique scientific program is planned with speakers from international academic institutions, companies in chemical, biotechnological, cosmetical and pharmaceutical sectors, start-ups and engineering.

The symposium will offer 200 oral communications (flash & oral communications) and several poster sessions. During ISGC-2015 the organizing committee with the expertise of the scientific committee will present green chemistry awards: an ISGC “Green Chemistry” award, a Young Researcher award (<40years) and poster awards.

Each topic will be introduced by a plenary lecture delivered by an eminent scientist of the field. Several plenary speakers have already been confirmed including:

ISGC 2015 invites all interested researchers to apply to the call for communication, so visit the website for further information and to get involved now!

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2nd International Symposium on C–H Activation

Congratulations to Daniel Zell and Tatiana Besset, who were awarded Royal Society of Chemistry poster prizes at the 2nd International Symposium on C–H Activation.

Green Chemistry was pleased to sponsor the symposium, which took place from June 30th – July 3rd, 2014 in Rennes, France with the aim of presenting to academic and industry researchers the recent researches and developments of C-H bond activation/functionalization.

The symposium was attended by Chao-Jun Li, Editorial Board member of Green Chemistry who presented the poster prize to Daniel Zell, University of Göttingen, Germany for his poster entitled “Meta-selective C−H bond alkylation by ruthenium catalysis”.

Tatiana Besset, University of Rouen, France was also awarded a poster prize for her poster with the title “Direct introduction of fluorinated groups on alkenes and alkynes”.

For more details about the meeting, visit the symposium website.

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Catalytic upgrading of fermentation alcohols

James Sherwood is a guest web-writer for Green Chemistry. James is a research associate in the Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence at the University of York. His interests range from the certification and application of bio-based products, to the understanding of solvent effects in organic synthesis.

Direct self-condensation of bio-alcohols in the aqueous phase

Fermentation strategies for the production of bio-fuels will continue to grow in importance, and as they do, problems with retrieving the products from dilute fermentation broths and the low energy content of short-chain alcohols will be magnified. A partnership between the energy company Shell and the Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology is addressing this challenge by using catalysis to condense bio-ethanol or bio-butanol via the Guerbet reaction to give improved, higher-alcohol biofuels.

An immobilised iridium catalyst was successful in converting 1-butanol in aqueous solution to 2-ethyl-1-hexanol with >85% selectivity over five consecutive reactions. The upgrading of ethanol was less selective to a single product: In addition to 1-butanol, 2-ethyl-1-butanol and even traces of 1-octanol were observed. A phenanthroline ligand is required to facilitate the aqueous phase reaction, conditions that mimic the environment of a fermentation broth. This approach also negates the usual requirement of hydrogen gas to reduce the β-unsaturated aldehyde intermediate, with the reaction proceeding under air.

These results all indicate that this reaction shows great potential for producing biofuels, as well as many other useful chemicals, in a cheaper and more efficient way.

Check out the full article – online now!

Direct self-condensation of bio-alcohols in the aqueous phase

G. Xu, T. Lammens, Q. Liu, X. Wang, L. Dong, A. Caiazzo, N. Ashraf, J. Guan and X. Mu, Green Chem., 2014, Advance Article.
DOI: 10.1039/C4GC00510D
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Congratulations to the poster prize winners at NSC2014

Congratulations to the poster prize winners at NSC2014 (16th Nordic Symposium on Catalysis). Green Chemistry and Catalysis Science & Technology were pleased to sponsor a poster prize each at the symposium, which were awarded as follows:

Green Chemistry poster prize
awarded to Aron Dombovari, University of Oulu
for “Photocatalytic processing of algae

Catalysis Science & Technology poster prize
awarded to Jacob O. Abildstrøm, Technical University of Denmark
for “Investigation of Mesoporous TS-1 for the Catalytic Formation of N-oxides

The prize winners received a certificate and a book from Royal Society of Chemistry Books.

You can read more about the Poster Award and find out about the Nordic Symposium on the UiO website.

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New articles added to 15 years of Green Chemistry web collection

To mark the occasion of Green Chemistry completing fifteen years of publication we invited contributions from authors who have had highly cited articles from each of the past 15 years. The result is a growing web collection covering topics of current importance in green chemistry from those who have contributed to developing the field. Details of the contributors, their highly cited article from the year they are representing, and their recent contribution are below.

Two recent additions to the collection are from Professor Chinzia Chiappe (University of Pisa), and Dr Peter Dunn (Pfizer).

Professor Chiappe’s 2006  article Acute toxicity of ionic liquids to the zebrafish (Danio rerio)is amongst the highest that year. She has continued on this ionic liquids theme by contributing to the 15 years of Green Chemsitry collection a Critical Review asking  Are ionic liquids a proper solution to current environmental challenges?

In 2007, Dr Dunn was the lead author on a Perspective article produced from the ACS GCI Pharmaceutical Roundable entitled Key green chemistry research areas—a perspective from pharmaceutical manufacturers. His contribution to the 15 years of Green Chemistry collection is another Perspective with an Industrial themePharmaceutical Green Chemistry process changes – how long does it take to obtain regulatory approval?’.

All of these articles are free to access until the end of July 2014. The 15 Years of Green Chemistry collection will be added to throughout 2014 and you can access the articles by clicking on the titles below, or look at the full collection of recent articles online here.

Year 15 Years of Green Chemistry Contribution Original Highly Cited Article
1999 Journey on greener pathways: from the use of alternate energy inputs and benign reaction media to sustainable applications of nano-catalysts in synthesis and environmental remediation
Rajender S. Varma, 2014, Perspective
Solvent-free organic syntheses. using supported reagents and microwave irradiation, Rajender S. Varma, 1999, Paper
2000 Food waste biomass: a resource for high-value chemicals
Lucie A. Pfaltzgraff, Mario De bruyn, Emma C. Cooper, Vitaly Budarin and James H. Clark, 2013, Perspective
Preparation of a novel silica-supported palladium catalyst and its use in the Heck reaction
James H. Clark, Duncan J. Macquarrie and Egid B. Mubofu, 2000, Paper
2001 Mixing ionic liquids – “simple mixtures” or “double salts”?
Gregory Chatel, Jorge F. B. Pereira, Varun Debbeti, Hui Wang and Robin D. Rogers, 2014, Critical Review
Characterization and comparison of hydrophilic and hydrophobic room temperature ionic liquids incorporating the imidazolium cation, Jonathan G. Huddleston, Ann E. Visser, W. Matthew Reichert, Heather D. Willauer, Grant A. Broker and Robin D. Rogers, 2001, paper
2005 Green and sustainable manufacture of chemicals from biomass: state of the art
Roger A. Sheldon, 2014, Critical Review
Green solvents for sustainable organic synthesis: state of the art
Roger A. Sheldon, 2005, Critical Review
2006 Are ionic liquids a proper solution to current environmental challenges?
Giorgio Cevasco and Cinzia Chiappe, 2014, Critical Review
Acute toxicity of ionic liquids to the zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Carlo Pretti, Cinzia Chiappe, Daniela Pieraccini, Michela Gregori, Francesca Abramo, Gianfranca Monni and Luigi Intorre, 2006, Communication
2007 Pharmaceutical Green Chemistry process changes – how long does it take to obtain regulatory approval?
Peter J. Dunn, 2013, Perspective
Key green chemistry research areas—a perspective from pharmaceutical manufacturers
David J. C. Constable, Peter J. Dunn, John D. Hayler, Guy R. Humphrey, Johnnie L. Leazer, Jr., Russell J. Linderman, Kurt Lorenz, Julie Manley, Bruce A. Pearlman, Andrew Wells, Aleksey Zaks and Tony Y. Zhang, 2007, Perspective
2008 Towards resource efficient chemistry: Tandem reactions with renewables
Arno Behr, Andreas Johannes Vorholt, Thomas Seidensticker and Karoline Anna Ostrowski, 2013, Critical Review
Improved utilisation of renewable resources: New important derivatives of glycerol
Arno Behr, Jens Eilting, Ken Irawadi, Julia Leschinski and Falk Lindner, 2008, Critical Review
2009 Conversion of glucose and cellulose into value-added products in water and ionic liquids
Jinliang Song, Honglei Fan, Jun Ma and Buxing, 2013, Tutorial Review
Efficient conversion of glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural catalyzed by a common Lewis acid SnCl4 in an ionic liquid
Suqin Hu, Zhaofu Zhang, Jinliang Song, Yinxi Zhou and Buxing Han, 2009, Communication
2011 Conversion of biomass platform molecules into fuel additives and liquid hydrocarbon fuels
Maria J. Climent, Avelino Corma and Sara Iborra, 2014, Critical Review
Converting carbohydrates to bulk chemicals and fine chemicals over heterogeneous catalysts
Maria J. Climent, Avelino Corma and Sara Iborra, 2011, Critical Review
2012 Continuous process technology: a tool for sustainable production
Charlotte Wiles and Paul Watts, 2014, Tutorial Review
Continuous flow reactors: a perspective
Charlotte Wiles and Paul Watts, 2012, Tutorial Review
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Wool Keratin Solubility in Ionic Liquids

Wool waste from the manufacturing of textiles is a renewable source of the biopolymer, keratin. The cysteine building blocks of keratin give rise to hydrogen bonding and covalent disulfide bonds; thus, harsh conditions or toxic reagents are required for its processing in conventional solvents. Alternative media, such as ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents, have been investigated for the processing of cellulose and lignin. Polypeptide-based keratin from Merino wool, on the other hand, may be used to produce protein fiber, but is less widely studied. In this paper, ILs and deep eutectic solvents were evaluated for their ability to dissolve wool keratin, and the regenerated material was characterized.

The researchers discovered that the wool did not appreciably dissolve in any of the deep eutectic solvents tested. In contrast, ILs were effective solvents and the solubility of wool was enhanced by adding 2-mercaptoethanol as a reducing agent. Characterization data revealed that the structure of the regenerated wool was altered from the raw material by a loss of crystallinity. Breakdown of the protein into smaller, water-soluble fragments also occurred, but this material could not be separated from the ILs.

Dissolution and regeneration of wool keratin in ionic liquids
Azila Idris, R. Vijayaraghavan, Usman Ali Rana, A.F. Patti, and D. R. MacFarlane
Green Chem. 2014, 16, 2857.
DOI: 10.1039/C4GC00213J

Jenna Flogeras obtained her B.Sc. and M.Sc. in Chemistry from the University of New Brunswick (Fredericton), Canada. Currently a Ph.D. student at Memorial University of Newfoundland, she is excited to spend some time outside the laboratory this summer to explore Thailand and Southeast Asia.

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5th International IUPAC Conference on Green Chemistry

The 5th IUPAC International Conference on Green Chemistry will be taking place August 17–21 2014, in Durban, South Africa.

The main objective of the conference is to emphasize the importance of green chemistry for sustainable development, and to promote novel research and collaborations, by bringing together experts and interested parties from all over the world and from diverse bodies – from the academia to the industry and to governments.

The conference will be a multidisciplinary event considering all the major areas of green chemistry, including green synthesis processes, catalysis, environmentally benign solvents, energy storage, biofuels, green chemistry education, policies, and many other interesting topics. Interfaces with other sciences and other research areas will be actively encouraged. Special attention will also be given to the roles of green chemistry in fast-growing economies and to the promotion of green chemistry in the African continent.

Confirmed plenary speakers include:

  • Peter Mahaffy, King’s University College, Canada
  • Claudio Mota, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  • Bruno Pollet, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
  • Pietro Tundo, Ca’Foscari University, Italy
  • Tao Zhang, Institute of Chemical Physics, China

The conference will also feature a special keynote talk and medal presentation to our 2014 Green Chemistry Award winner, Professor Mike North from the University of York.

The conference is being supported by the RSC‘s Pan Africa Chemistry Network, which aims to help African countries to integrate into regional, national and internation scientific networks. The PACN has awarded a number of bursaries for African scientists to attend this conference. It is also sponsoring a number of plenary speakers.

The deadline for registration is June 30 2014.

For more information and to register, please visit the website: www.saci.co.za/greenchem2014

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A cellulose/superbase catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates

A wide variety of metal complexes act as efficient catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide and epoxides; organic bases, such as pyridine, are often useful co-catalysts in the reaction. Metal-free catalyst systems are also effective, and polymers having abundant hydroxyl groups, such as cellulose, are known to catalyze cycloaddition when combined with an alkali metal halide. Building upon these findings, researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences have developed a metal-free and halide-free catalyst system using a combination of a superbase and a hydrogen bond donor.

Among the bases and hydrogen bond donors investigated, a cellulose-DBU catalyst system exhibited the highest conversion to propylene carbonate. Optimization of the reaction conditions led to a further study using an array of terminal epoxides; the highest yield and selectivity was observed for ethylene oxide, with lower yields for more sterically hindered substrates. The catalyst system also proved to be recyclable for up to four trials without an appreciable loss of activity or selectivity.

Read the full article now:

Superbase/cellulose: an environmentally benign catalyst for chemical fixation of carbon dioxide into cyclic carbonates
Jian Sun, Weiguo Cheng, Zifeng Yang, Jinquan Wang, Tingting Xu, Jiayu Xin and Suojiang Zhang
Green Chem. 2014, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C3GC41850B

Jenna Flogeras obtained her B.Sc. and M.Sc. in Chemistry from the University of New Brunswick (Fredericton), Canada. Currently a Ph.D. student at Memorial University of Newfoundland, she is excited to spend some time outside the laboratory this summer to explore Thailand and Southeast Asia.

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“Sustainability in Chemistry” – September 28-30, 2014, Erlangen, Germany

In their biannual meeting, the division “Sustainable Chemistry” within the German Chemical Society (GDCh) will discuss all topics related to sustainable and green chemistry, methodology, synthesis and processes. In the upcoming meeting autumn 2014, the scientific focus will lie on:

  • Sustainable Synthesis Including Catalysis and Biotechnology
  • Green solvents
  • Renewable Feedstocks
  • Sustainable Macromolecular Chemistry
  • “Assessment and politics”, Green chemistry education

 The submission of both poster and oral contributions via the conference website is now open

 https://www.chemie.uni-erlangen.de/suschem2014/

 Invited lectures

  • Shu Kobayashi, Tokyo, J
  • Ulf Hanefeld, Delft, NL, “From sp2 to sp3 utilising enzymes”
  • Konrad Hungerbühler, ETH Zürich, Ch, “Sustainability Indicators in Chemistry”
  • Cor Koning, Eindhoven, NL, “New developments in sustainable and renewable coating materials”
  • Bert Sels, Leuven, BE, “A lignocellulosic biorefinery concept in Leuven: a chemist’s view”
  • Matthias Beller, Rostock, D,  “Chemistry goes Green: Technologies for the Development of a Sustainable Society “
  • Michael Dreja, Henkel AG & Co KGaA, Düsseldorf, D, “Sustainable detergents – where are we on our way towards 2030?”
  • Harald Gröger, Bielefeld, D, “Combination of the two “worlds” chemo- and biocatalysis towards one-pot processes in water”
  • Burkhard König, Regensburg, D, “Chemical photocatalysis using visible light”
  • Andreas Künkel, Biopolymers , BASF, D, “Symbiosis of Chemistry and Biology: BASF’s Biodegradable and Renewable Polymers”
  • Uwe Lahl, Darmstadt, D, “Indirect Land Use Change ( iLUC)”
  • Alexander Vyhnal, STAEDTLER Mars GmbH & Co. KG, D, “WOPEX – A sustainable materials innovation by STAEDTLER”
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