Introducing Polymer Chemistry Associate Editor Christopher Barner-Kowollik

Christopher Barner-Kowollik completed a Dr. rer. nat. in Physical Chemistry at the University of Göttingen, before joining the Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) at the University of New South Wales (Sydney), where he led a research team as full professor, after holding ranks from post-doctoral fellow to associate professor. He is currently a full professor of macromolecular chemistry at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). 

Christopher’s main research interests are situated at the interface of organic, polymer and bio-chemistry and focus on a wide range of polymer-related research fields such as the synthesis of complex macromolecular architectures with highly-defined functionality and composition via living/controlled polymerization protocols, advanced synthesis via polymer conjugation techniques and macromolecular transformations at ambient temperature including light triggered methodologies, fundamental investigations into polymerization mechanisms and kinetics as well as high resolution imaging and characterization of macromolecular chain structures. Applications include high definition surface modification and nano-engineering for targeted cell attachment, biomimetic materials ranging from adhesives to routes to self-folding polymer chains, surface and solution bonding/debonding on demand systems, supramolecular chemistry with polymer strands as well as advanced biosubstrate functionalization.

Christopher’s recent papers include:

Dual thermo- and photo-responsive micelles based on miktoarm star polymers
Eva Blasco, Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt, Christopher Barner-Kowollik, Milagros Piñol and Luis Oriol  
Polym. Chem., 2013, 4, 4506-4514 DOI: 10.1039/C3PY00576C

Fast and catalyst-free hetero-Diels–Alder chemistry for on demand cyclable bonding/debonding materials
Kim K. Oehlenschlaeger, Nathalie K. Guimard, Josef Brandt, Jan O. Mueller, Ching Yeh Lin, Stefan Hilf, Albena Lederer, Michelle L. Coote, Friedrich G. Schmidt and Christopher Barner-Kowollik  
Polym. Chem., 2013, 4, 4348-4355 DOI: 10.1039/C3PY00476G

Diels–Alder reactions for carbon material synthesis and surface functionalization
Nicolas Zydziak, Basit Yameen and Christopher Barner-Kowollik  
Polym. Chem., 2013, 4, 4072-4086  DOI: 10.1039/C3PY00232B, Review Article

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Paper of the week: Cell-penetrating albumin conjugates for enhanced doxorubicin delivery

Albumin-based drug delivery has been demonstrated to be useful for achieving improved cancer therapy, largely due to its passive target toward tumor via the enhanced permeability and retention effect and the increased demand for albumin by tumor cells as source of energy and amino acids. However, albumin lacks not only the active mechanism to overcome the cell membrane barrier, but also the ability to penetrate into tumor tissues. Herein, a cell-penetrating albumin-based delivery strategy was developed, in which a cell-penetrating peptide was chemically conjugated to albumin in order to enhance the efficiency of intracellular delivery and tumor penetration. Doxorubicin (DOX) molecules were loaded into the carrier via cleavable disulfide bonds, which are responsive to the highly reducing environment in the cytosol of tumor cells, thus archiving prodrug-type targeted drug release. The cell-penetrating albumin–DOX conjugates displayed significantly higher antitumor activity than DOX. More interestingly, the conjugates also efficiently killed the drug-resistant tumor cells, in sharp contrast to the ineffective DOX. The studies with human xenograft tumors in nude mice further demonstrated the enhanced antitumor efficacy and reduced side effects of the cell-penetrating albumin-assisted DOX delivery strategy, indicating the promise of this delivery system.

Cell-penetrating albumin conjugates for enhanced doxorubicin delivery by Qianqian GuoHuiyuan WangYongxing ZhaoHuixin Wang,Feng ZengHaiying HuaQin Xu and  Yongzhuo Huang Polym. Chem., 2013,4, 4584-4587

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Author of the Week: Prof. Hanying Zhao

Hanying Zhao received his bachelor’s degree in Chemical Engineering from HeFei University of Technology in China in 1988, his MS degree in Chemical Engineering from Tianjin University in 1993, and a PhD in Polymer Chemistry and Physics from Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1997. From 1997 to 2004, he conducted postdoctoral research in Fudan University, Institute of Polymer Research in Dresden, University of Florida and Clarkson University. He joined the Department of Chemistry at Nankai University in 2004, and now he is a professor of chemistry. His current research interests include: (1) synthesis and self-assembly of macromolecules with different topological structures, (2) synthesis of polymer brushes on solid surfaces, (3) synthesis and self-assembly of shape amphiphiles (gold nanoparticles, single-chain nanoparticles, Janus structures).

Webpage: http://chem.nankai.edu.cn/teachers/echo-1.php?id=zhaohanying

What was your inspiration in becoming a chemist?

Actually, until I received my master degree, I was not sure what job I should take, to be a chemist or an engineer? I thought it was not a bad thing to have a PhD degree, so I went to Changchun to pursue my PhD. I studied under Professor Baotong Huang at Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Prof. Huang was an eminent polymer chemist at that time. In my research, I synthesized block copolymers by anionic polymerization, I found polymer chemistry is so beautiful and I never left this field since then. Now all the research conducted in our group is related to polymer chemistry.

What was the motivation to write your Polymer Chemistry article? (DOI: 10.1039/C3PY00516J)

Usually polymeric micelles are composed of hydrophobic cores and hydrophilic coronae. The hydrophobic cores can be used as nanosized vehicles for hydrophobic compounds. In our article, we described a method to prepare hydrophilic interface-crosslinked polymeric micelles. The interfaces of the micelles are crosslinked by atom transfer radical coupling reaction, and the stability of the micelles is improved. The cores and the coronae of the micelles are hydrophilic, and the hydrophilic micelles can be used as nanoreactors for the synthesis of CdS quantum dots, and nanocarriers for the absorption of methylene blue, a positively charged dye. In comparison to the traditional polymer micelles, the hydrophilic micelles may find broader applications in aqueous solutions.   

Why did you choose Polymer Chemistry to publish your work? )

Polymer Chemistry is a leading journal in the fields of polymer science and polymer materials. We believe that publishing our paper in this journal can help the paper to be read by a broad scope of readers. Another reason is the rapid review process.

In which upcoming conferences may our readers meet you?

I will probably attend the Fall 2014 ACS meeting.

How do you spend your spare time?

In my spare time, I usually play badminton with my students. I enjoy reading history books.

Which profession would you choose if you were not a scientist?

I love science. I guess, if I were not a scientist, I would be a teacher in a middle-school, or a doctor in a hospital.


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Polymer Chemistry: rapidly published, rapidly cited

Did you know that on average it takes fewer than 8 weeks from submission to publication* of a Polymer Chemistry article?

And it doesn’t take long before those articles are cited either: Polymer Chemistry has the highest immediacy indexǂ of all primary research journals in polymer science.

submit nowSo why delay sending your next article to Polymer Chemistry?

Polymer Chemistry

* Publication refers to online publication of the full edited version of the manuscript.
ǂ Immediacy index = 1.305 (2012 Journal Citation Reports ®, (Thomson Reuters, 2013)). The immediacy index is the average number of times an article is cited in the year it is published, and is an indication of how topical and urgent the work is.

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Paper of the week: Scope and limitations of the nitroxide-mediated radical ring-opening polymerization of cyclic ketene acetals

The ring-opening polymerization of cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs) by controlled radical mechanisms represents an alternative route for the synthesis of aliphatic polyesters. For the first time, 5,6-benzo-2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (BMDO) and 2-methylene-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane (MPDL) were homopolymerized by nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP), from the commercially available SG1-based BlocBuilder MA alkoxyamine. Various experimental conditions (i.e., reaction temperature, nature of solvent, and nature of the alkyl initiating radical) were varied to determine the optimized conditions in terms of polymerization kinetics and living character of the final polymer. Chain-end extensions from either PS-SG1 or PBMDO-SG1 were also performed in order to furnish PS-b-PBMDO and PBMDO-b-PS, respectively, thus demonstrating the synthesis of block copolymers comprising a CKA block. In order to have a better insight into the polymerization mechanism, the occurrence of side reactions was analyzed by 31P NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS. It was supposed that the ketal-based macroradical could be irreversibly trapped by nitroxide and thus the corresponding macroalkoxyamine decomposed by CO–N bond dissociation. DFT calculations as well as PREDICI modeling were also undertaken in order to support this hypothesis.

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Author of the Week: Prof. Andrew Whittaker

Prof. Andrew Whittaker is the leader of the Polymer Chemistry group within the Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, and the Centre for Advanced Imaging at the University of Queensland. He received his PhD from the University of Queensland in 1986, and subsequently held positions as a postdoctoral research fellow at the Université des Sciences & Techniques de Languedoc (with Patrick Bernier) and at the Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung (with Hans Spiess). He was a research chemist in Ken Packer’s labs at BP Research Sunbury for three years before returning to Australia to take up a position at the Centre for Magnetic Resonance at the University of Queensland in 1991. He was promoted to full professor in 2004 and was an inaugural Group Leader within the AIBN (2005). His research interests span many aspects of polymer physical chemistry, but currently are focused on the science and application of transport properties in swollen polymers and the structure of heterogeneous polymers. The target application areas are polymeric biomaterials (imaging agents, drug delivery, functional surfaces) and polymers for photolithography (polymer resists, block copolymer graphoepitaxy). He collaborates with scientists in the USA, UK, Germany, Japan and China.

Research website: http://www.uq.edu.au/polymer-chemistry

What was your inspiration in becoming a chemist?

My interest in chemistry is driven by natural curiosity – as a child I loved to conduct “chemical reactions” with anything at hand around the house or farm – to the bemusement of my grandparents and their livestock! I have always wanted to understand how things, in particular matter, are made and how they work – what are the building blocks of the beautiful objects around us? As a child living in the country I devoured information on chemistry – my mother bought the Encyclopaedia Britannica when I was 8 years old and I read every article within the 26 volumes related to chemistry. The authors were world-renowned – I didn’t know it then – Flory wrote the article on Polymers, for example. This natural interest led to success in the field at school and naturally onto university. An important moment for me as an undergraduate student was seeing a well-known professor of polymer physical chemistry speak of his research – his presentation was distinguished and profound and provided a firm role model for a budding scientist.

What was the motivation to write your Polymer Chemistry article?  (DOI: 10.1039/C3PY00654A)

Our group has a very active program in development of new medical imaging agents. We are in the fortunate situation of having world-class chemistry labs immediately adjacent to a powerful suite of imaging systems (MRI, PET, CT, fluorescence and all combinations) at the Centre for Advanced Imaging. We have developed an integrated program in the field of imaging agents from polymer chemistry, through in-vitro and in-vivo analysis and ultimately human imaging with our clinical partners in hospitals in Brisbane.

Why did you choose Polymer Chemistry to publish your work?

Polymer Chemistry is a high-quality journal with a record of publishing work which spans scientific disciplines. The editorial and production teams are extremely well-organised and turn-around time is short.

In which upcoming conferences may our readers meet you?

EP’2013 Xiamen; ICBNI 2013 Beijing; 62nd SPSJ Symposium on Macromolecules Kanazawa; IPST 2013 Yogyakarta; PPC13 Taiwan; ICFPAM 2013 Auckland

How do you spend your spare time?

We have a 2 year old daughter so spare time does not exist. My (dormant) hobbies include history, bush walking/camping, gardening, brewing beer and cooking.

Which profession would you choose if you were not a scientist?

I cannot imagine a career outside of science. If not chemistry then I would be a botanist.

Cyrille Boyer is a guest web-writer for Polymer Chemistry. He is currently associate professor and an ARC-Future Fellow at the Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and Center for Advanced Macromolecular Design (School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (Australia)).

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Plant protein regulates diabetes treatment: Polymer Chemistry article in Chemistry World

A plant protein has been used to make a new class of glucose-responsive polymer nanogels that could one day negate the need for diabetes patients to constantly monitor their blood glucose levels and inject themselves with insulin.

Diabetes currently affects over 347 million people worldwide and with this number set to rise, research into the treatment of this disease is of vital importance. For type 1 and advanced type 2 diabetes, patients must regularly prick their fingers to check their blood glucose levels and inject themselves with insulin accordingly. This not only impinges on a patient’s quality of life, but also fails to precisely control the dose of insulin reaching its main site of action, the liver.

Glucose induces a conformation change in concanavlin A, causing a change in the volume of the nanogel

Interested to know more? Read the full news article by Jessica Cocker in Chemistry World here…

Read the article by T Ye et al. in Polymer Chemistry:

Synthesis and volume phase transition of concanavalin A-based glucose-responsive nanogels
Ting Ye, Suting Yan, Yumei Hu, Li Ding and Weitai Wu  
DOI: 10.1039/C3PY00778B

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Author of the Week: Prof. Peihong Ni

Prof. Peihong Ni graduated from Nanjing University in 1982 with a B.Sc. degree in Polymer Chemistry. She received her M.Sc. degree in Organic Chemistry from Soochow University (Suzhou, China) in 1988, and her Ph.D. degree in Polymer Chemistry and Physics under the supervision of Prof. Shoukuan Fu from Fudan University in 2001. Since 1988, she has been a faculty member in Soochow University as a teaching assistant (1988-1989), lecturer (1989-1996), associate professor (1996-2003) and full professor (since 2003). She worked in Eastern Michigan University (EMU, 1998-1999) as a Ph.D. candidate on a joint program between Fudan and EMU. Her current research interests are in the design and synthesis of biocompatible and stimuli-responsive polymers for biomedical applications, fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon hybrid amphiphilic copolymers, as well as (mini)emulsion polymerization. She has published more than 70 peered-reviewed articles and three book chapters, and held 13 authorized patents of China.

 Research Website: http://chemistry.suda.edu.cn/en/index.aspx?lanmuid=80&sublanmuid=636&id=170

What was your inspiration in becoming a chemist?

It came when I was still in my junior high years, when I began to admire scientists, and was inspired by some practical chemistry experiments, which made me decide on my later choice of chemistry as a career. And it continued during my university period when my particular interest in chemistry grew stronger. Later on, as I worked as a college teacher and continued to pursue my M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees, the interest brought me even greater delight. Now I feel fortunate that I never have changed my choice of chemistry, and polymer chemistry in particular.

What was the motivation to write your Polymer Chemistry article?

Over the past decade, my team and I started from oxyanion-initiated polymerization, and further extended to “living”/controlled polymerization, ring-opening polymerization in the design and synthesis of stimuli-responsive amphiphilic polymers. We have studied the self-assembly behavior of these polymers. Under the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), we have gradually concentrated our emphasis on the preparation of biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, as well as their potential applications in gene and drug delivery. In particular, we have paid close attention to the biomedical application of polyphosphoesters. This paper is our latest progress in this field, and it reports on the preparation of a novel water-soluble polymeric prodrug, paclitaxel-polyphosphoester conjugated with targeted folic acid molecules. The results show that it offers a convenient but efficient approach for the construction of multifunctional polymeric prodrugs.

I’d like to use this opportunity to extend my sincere thanks for all those who have contributed to this work.

 

Why did you choose Polymer Chemistry to publish your work? (DOI: 10.1039/C3PY00419H )

 

As regular readers of Polymer Chemistry, our group has noted that many well-known polymer scientists have reported their research progress in this journal. This journal has quickly become one of the key journals in polymer science because of the original content, attractive design, and high-quality pictures. We hope the publication of this article here will bring us more chances of exchange and cooperation from the polymer community worldwide.

 

At which upcoming conferences may our readers meet you?

I will attend the Chinese Polymer Conference in October 12-16th, Shanghai (http://www.polymer.cn/polymer2013) and the 13th Pacific Polymer Conference in November 17-22nd, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (http://www.ppc2013.tw/index.html).

How do you spend your spare time?

My greatest enthusiasm is still for chemistry and most of my spare time is immersed in it. In addition, music is also my hobby. I love my family, and especially like to talk with my daughter over everything she is interested in. Seeing her growing from a baby to a graduate student, I have learned how parents and their children can be good friends, and how to help young people to follow their academic pursuits unremittingly and keep improving themselves.

 

Which profession would you choose if you were not a scientist?

 

Maybe I would be a photographer. Quite a few of the pictures I have shot surprised my friends and they even thought I should be a professional rather than an amateur photographer.


 

 

 

 

 

 

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Author of the Week: Prof. Jiannian Yao

Prof. Jiannian Yao received his PhD degree with Prof. Akira Fujishima at Tokyo University in 1993. Then he joined the Institute of Photographic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and now he is a Professor of Chemistry in the Institute of Chemistry, CAS. He has been a member of CAS since 2005, and a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) since 2008. He is currently serving as the chairman of the Chinese Chemical Society (CCS), and is the vice president of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). His research interests include organic and inorganic opto-functional materials. He has published more than 350 papers, which have been cited nearly 6000 times.

(Research Group: http://jnyao.iccas.ac.cn/)

 What was your inspiration in becoming a chemist?

Chemistry is a very central discipline, which connects the profound principles in physics and the complex phenomena in materials/biological science. Through various chemical routes, we can build molecules, clusters, nanoparticles, mesoscopic structures, and macroscopic materials over a wide range of scales. This not only provides us an ideal test bed to prove our bold theoretical conjectures, but also gives rise to many practical applications that help in solving the energy demand and environment problem. I am really enjoying my research in chemistry, and I hope it will contribute to both scientific advance and people’s everyday life.

What was the motivation to write your Polymer Chemistry article?

As potential alternatives to the widely used electron-acceptor of PCBM, highly efficient non-fullerene small molecules with excellent solution-processability are the key bottleneck for the further advances of the solution-processed non-fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs). Our initial motivation is to develop new efficient solution-processed non-fullerene small molecules. Perylene diimide (PDI) derivatives are potential non-fullerene small molecules and have been researched for several tens of years, but their strong aggregation ability normally limits their potential applications in the field of OSCs. To resolve this problem, we have designed and synthesized a series of PDI dimers which combine both the twisted molecular conformations and the amphiphilic side chains. This design concept carries out the balance between the pi-pi stacking ordering of the PDI chromphores and the reduced aggregate size of the acceptor phase when blended with a donor. As part of our findings, this Polymer Chemistry article ( DOI: 10.1039/C3PY00457K) tells the steric pairing effects from the twisted conformations of the molecular backbone and the role of the solvophilic and twisted bridge. Both of them determine the molecular aggregation ability and further the photovoltaic properties of the non-fullerene OSCs, shedding light on the fine-tuning molecular aggregation ability by judicious molecular tailoring.

Why did you choose Polymer Chemistry to publish your work? (DOI: 10.1039/C3PY00457K)

Polymer Chemistry is a leading journal in the field of polymer science with many high quality and impact papers in the photovoltaic field. Also, the reviewing and publishing process is very fast, ensuring a timely report of our latest results.

In which upcoming conferences may our readers meet you?

I will attend the 29th Chinese Chemical Society (CCS) Congress held by Peking University in the year of 2014. This congress will invite chemists from China and many other countries (US, UK, Germany, Japan, etc.).

How do you spend your spare time?

I liked playing volleyball very much when I was younger. In these years, I often do some exercises on a treadmill machine, or just take a walk with my family. Chinese calligraphy is also one of my hobbies.

Which profession would you choose if you were not a scientist?

I would probably be engaged in the education career. I believe teaching the younger generation is essential to social progress. Actually, helping my students with their research is a very important part of my current job.

Cyrille Boyer is a guest web-writer for Polymer Chemistry. He is currently associate professor and an ARC-Future Fellow at the Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and Center for Advanced Macromolecular Design (School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (Australia)).

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Author of the Week: Prof. Lei Tao

Prof. Lei Tao received his bachelor’s (chemistry) and master’s (polymer chemistry and physics) degrees from University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) in 1999 and 2002, respectively. He got a PhD in Chemistry from Warwick University with Prof. David Haddleton in 2006. Then he moved to University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) as a Post-doc with Prof. Heather Maynard (2006-2008). From Sept. 2008 to Aug. 2010, he worked as a research assistant with Prof. Tom Davis in University of New South Wales (UNSW). He joined Tsinghua University as an associate professor in 2010. His current research interests include the new polymerization methodology, synthesis of well-defined polymers for their bio-applications.

 

http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/chem/2142/2011/20110401045614543624055/20110401045614543624055_.html

What was your inspiration in becoming a chemist?

I became a chemist because I found chemistry is so interesting and I always hope to find some new things from flasks. I like the feeling of discovering some unexpected things.

What was the motivation to write your Polymer Chemistry article?

We published that paper to share our opinion about click chemistry. People actually found many fantastic reactions already, we found some multi-component reactions are clickable, thus we hope to utilize multi-component reactions (the Biginelli reaction, for example) in polymer chemistry, biological chemistry to prove people can look on some multi-component reactions as a new type of click reactions.

Why did you choose Polymer Chemistry to publish your work? (DOI: 10.1039/C3PY00553D)

Polymer Chemistry is an outstanding journal with high impact and quality in polymer science, the publishing process is very fast and fair.

In which upcoming conferences may our readers meet you?

I have not made the schedule yet, but I am planning to join the coming IUPAC conference.

How do you spend your spare time?

I normally spend my spare time with my family, watching football games, cooking at home, and doing some exercise.

Which profession would you choose if you were not a scientist?

If I were not a chemist, maybe I would choose historian as my career.

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