Outstanding Reviewers for Polymer Chemistry in 2017

We would like to highlight the Outstanding Reviewers for Polymer Chemistry in 2017, as selected by the editorial team, for their significant contribution to the journal. The reviewers have been chosen based on the number, timeliness and quality of the reports completed over the last 12 months.

We would like to say a big thank you to those individuals listed here as well as to all of the reviewers that have supported the journal. Each Outstanding Reviewer will receive a certificate to give recognition for their significant contribution.

Dr Athina Anastasaki University of California, Santa Barbara
Dr C. Remzi Becer, Queen Mary University of London, ORCID: 0000-0003-0968-6662
Dr Cyrille Boyer, University of New South Wales, ORCID: 0000-0002-4564-4702
Professor Yuanli Cai, Soochow University, ORCID: 0000-0001-5473-485X 
Professor Dr Gaojian Chen, Soochow University, ORCID: 0000-0002-5877-3159
Dr Sophie M Guillaume, CNRS – Université de Rennes, ORCID: 0000-0003-2917-8657 
Dr Dominik Konkolewicz, Miami University, ORCID: 0000-0002-3828-5481 
Dr Elango Kumarasamy, Columbia University
Dr Zachariah Page, University of California, Santa Barbara, ORCID: 0000-0002-1013-5422
Dr Per Zetterlund, University of New South Wales, ORCID: 0000-0003-3149-4464

We would also like to thank the Polymer Chemistry board and the polymer research community for their continued support of the journal, as authors, reviewers and readers.

If you would like to become a reviewer for our journal, just email us with details of your research interests and an up-to-date CV or résumé.  You can find more details in our author and reviewer resource centre

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Paper of the month: Self-stabilized, hydrophobic or PEGylated paclitaxel polymer prodrug nanoparticles for cancer therapy

Bao et al. report the synthesis of self-stabilized hydrophobic or PEGylated paclitaxel polymer prodrug nanoparticles through controlled radical polymerization approaches.

Paclitaxel (Ptx) is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of a broad range of human tumors. Polymer prodrugs are often employed to solve a number of issues associated with its limited water solubility, the absence of ionisable groups to enable Ptx salt formation and the short colloidal stability of its formulations. In a way analogous to polymer synthesis, the “grafting from” approach, also referred to here as “drug-initiated” consists of the controlled growth of a polymer from a drug. However, this approach is limited by the poor colloidal stability of hydrophobic drug-polymer nanocarriers and the lack of the direct synthesis of PEGylated prodrugs. Nicolas and co-workers managed to tackle these issues by developing a global method which enables the facile derivatization of Ptx followed by the subsequent reversible deactivation radical polymerization to design surfactant-free, Ptx-polymer prodrug nanocarriers with contrasting properties. In particular, nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization were elegantly selected to grow short polyisoprene or poly[(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)] chains from Ptx in a controlled fashion. This allowed for the formation of either self-stabilized, all-hydrophobic Ptx-polymer prodrug nanoparticles or their PEGylated counterparts. Importantly, these prodrug nanocarriers exhibited high cytotoxicity on three different cancer cell lines, with chain length-cytotoxicity dependency and IC50 values comparable to those of the parent drug. This versatile approach demonstrates the robustness and the broad use of the drug-initiated method for the simple design of efficient polymer prodrug nanoparticles consisting of polymers of opposite nature, thus opening new perspectives in the nanomedicine field.

Self-stabilized, hydrophobic or PEGylated paclitaxel polymer prodrug nanoparticles for cancer therapy

Tips/comments directly from the authors:  

  1. The drug-initiated NMP of isoprene from Ptx is a very simple yet efficient method to prepare surfactant-free, stable polymer prodrug nanoparticles with high drug payload, without any protection/deprotection chemistry.
  2. When using the AMA-SG1 alkoxyamine for Ptx derivatization, the resulting Ptx-AMA-SG1 alkoxyamine is obtained as a mixture of diastereomers (this is related to the two chiral centers of the alkoxyamine). The signals from the NMR spectrum should be carefully assigned. Alternatively, the diastereomers can also be separated by column chromatography with a less polar eluent.
  3. Mn of PEGMA-based prodrugs are higher than those of PI-based prodrugs because shorter POEGMA chains hardly precipitate compared to PI with similar Mn. Dialysis was not attempted because of potential hydrolytic cleavage between the drug and the polymer (especially with the diglycolate linker)

Self-stabilized, hydrophobic or PEGylated paclitaxel polymer prodrug nanoparticles for cancer therapy, Polym. Chem., 2018, 9, 687-698, DOI: 10.1039/C7PY01918A

This article is free to read until 16 April 2018

About the webwriter

AthinaDr. Athina Anastasaki is a Web Writer for Polymer Chemistry. She is currently a Global Marie Curie Fellow working alongside Professor Craig Hawker at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB). Please, visit this site for more information.

 

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2018 Polymer Chemistry Lectureship awarded to Cyrille Boyer

It is with great pleasure that we announce Prof Cyrille Boyer (University of New South Wales) as the recipient of the 2018 Polymer Chemistry Lectureship.

This award, now in its fourth year, honours an early-career researcher who has made significant contribution to the polymer chemistry field. The recipient is selected by the Polymer Chemistry Editorial Board from a list of candidates nominated by the community.

Read on to find out more about Cyrille…
Professor Cyrille Boyer
Cyrille received his PhD in polymer chemistry from the University of Montpellier II (Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie de Montpellier) and he is currently Professor at the School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), co-Director of Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and a member of the Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD).

He has received a number of awards such as the Malcolm McIntosh Prize for Physical Scientist of the year 2015, the 2016 LeFevre Memorial Prize, 2016 ACS Biomacromolecules/Macromolecules Award, the 2016 Journal of Polymer Science Innovation Award and the 2018 Polymer International – IUPAC Award.

Cyrille has published over 200 articles and his research interests mainly cover the use of photoredox catalysts to perform controlled/living radical polymerization and polymer post-modification, the synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery (antimicrobial polymers) and hybrid organic–inorganic nanoparticles for imaging and energy storage. In the last few years, his team has pioneered photoinduced electron/energy transfer reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (PET-RAFT) for the synthesis of functional polymers.

To learn more about Cyrille’s research have a look at some of his publications in Polymer Chemistry

The effects of polymer topology and chain length on the antimicrobial activity and hemocompatibility of amphiphilic ternary copolymers
Rashin Namivandi-Zangeneh, Rebecca J Kwan, Thuy-Khanh Nguyen, Jonathan Yeow, Frances L Byrne, Stefan H Oehlers, Edgar HH Wong, Cyrille Boyer
Polym. Chem., 2018, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C7PY01069A

Temperature programed photo-induced RAFT polymerization of stereo-block copolymers of poly(vinyl acetate)
Na Li,  Dongdong Ding,  Xiangqiang Pan,  Zhengbiao Zhang,  Jian Zhu,  Cyrille Boyer  and  Xiulin Zhu
Polym. Chem., 2017,8, 6024-6027
DOI: 10.1039/C7PY01531C

Oxygen tolerant photopolymerization for ultralow volumes
Jonathan Yeow,  Robert Chapman,  Jiangtao Xua  and  Cyrille Boyer
Polym. Chem., 2017,8, 5012-5022
DOI: 10.1039/C7PY00007C

RAFT-mediated, visible light-initiated single unit monomer insertion and its application in the synthesis of sequence-defined polymers
Changkui Fu,   Zixuan Huang,   Craig J. Hawker,   Graeme Moad,   Jiangtao Xu  and   Cyrille Boyer
Polym. Chem., 2017,8, 4637-4643
DOI: 10.1039/C7PY00713B

Application of oxygen tolerant PET-RAFT to polymerization-induced self-assembly
Gervase Ng,   Jonathan Yeow,   Jiangtao Xu   and Cyrille Boyer
Polym. Chem., 2017,8, 2841-2851
DOI: 10.1039/C7PY00442G

We would like to thank everybody who nominated a candidate for the 2018 Polymer Chemistry Lectureship. The Editorial Board had a very difficult task in choosing a winner from the many excellent and worthy candidates.

Please join us in congratulating Cyrille on winning this award!

 

 

 

 

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Paper of the month: Surface-attached poly(phosphoester)-hydrogels with benzophenone groups

Becker et al. report surface-attached poly(phosphoester) which form surface-attached polymer networks and hydrogels.

The undesired adsorption of bacteria, proteins and other biomolecules on surfaces of biomedical devices often triggers the formation of biofilms causing severe systemic infections. In order to circumvent this, functional polymeric coatings with antifouling and/or antimicrobial properties are typically used. Towards this direction, Wurm, Lienkamp and co-workers developed photo-reactive poly(phosphoester)s (PPEs) which form surface-attached polymer networks and hydrogels. To achieve this, a benzophenone-functionalized cyclic phosphate monomer was synthesized and subsequently copolymerized with ethylene ethyl phosphate (EEP) yielding hydrophilic functional polymers. Upon terpolymerization with additional comonomers polymeric materials with pentyl (PEP), furfuryl (FEP) or butenyl (BuEP) pendants groups were obtained. Importantly, all polymerizations were well-controlled with good agreement between theoretical and experimental molecular weights and low dispersity values. The copolymerization kinetics were carefully monitored via real-time 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicating a gradient-like structure. The cross-linked surface attached PPE networks were then formed by spin-coating these polymers onto pre-functionalized substrates followed by UV irradiation. Importantly, the layer thickness could be varied between 56 and 263 nm and was dependant on the applied polymer and the hydrophilicity of the substrates. Atomic force microscopy was also employed to further characterize these materials showing a homogeneous and smooth morphology with static contact angles of 20-26° (for specific networks) and revealing hydrophilic surfaces. Given the biocompatible nature of PPEs, these networks can potentially be promising anti-fouling coatings candidates for biomedical devices such as implants or catheters. In addition, initial functionalization of the substrates using furane-containing PPE-coatings demonstrated that additional modifications can be performed therefore paving the way for more complex surface architectures.

Surface-attached poly(phosphoester)-hydrogels with benzophenone groups

Tips/comments directly from the authors:  

  1. Synthesis of PPEs must be conducted under strict exclusion of moisture.
  2. The resulting copolymers are extremely hydrophilic. Thus, care must be taken to immediately cross-link them after spin-coating, or else they will de-wet from the surface.

Surface-attached poly(phosphoester)-hydrogels with benzophenone groups, Polym. Chem., 2018, 9, 315-326, DOI: 10.1039/c7py01777d

 

About the webwriter
Athina
Dr. Athina Anastasaki is a Web Writer for Polymer Chemistry. She is currently a Global Marie Curie Fellow working alongside Professor Craig Hawker at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB). Please, visit this site for more information.

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Paper of the month: The power of the ring: a pH-responsive hydrophobic epoxide monomer for superior micelle stability

Song et al. report a novel hydrophobic pH-responsive epoxide monomer that exhibits enhanced micelle stability.

Paper of the month DecemberPolymeric amphiphiles can find use in a wide range of applications including detergents, catalysts and drug delivery vehicles. However, new polymeric biocompatible micelles with increased stability, loading efficiency and degradability are still required to address related challenges in the drug delivery field. To this end, Kim and co-workers designed and synthesized a novel epoxide monomer namely tetrahydropyranyl glycidyl ether (TGE). A series of amphiphilic diblock co-polymers were subsequently synthesized with PTGE consisting of a hydrophobic pH-responsive block with poly ethylene glycol (PEG) being the hydrophilic part. These PEG-b-PTGE diblock copolymers showed superior stability in biological media, higher loading capacity, tunable release and controllable degradation when compared to the acrylic analogue 1-ethoxyethyl glycidyl ether (EEGE). The enhanced stability and tunability of the PTGE block were attributed to the increased hydrophophicity and the tight association between the chair conformations of the cyclic TGE side chains. All diblock copolymers exhibited low dispersity values and controlled molecular weights. The high stability of these micelles in combination with their high biocompatibility highlight their potential to be used in drug delivery. In summary, the developed new class of monomers and polymers will contribute to the advanced of polyethers as promising candidates for biomedical applications and beyond.

Tips/comments directly from the authors:  

  1. The synthesis of the TGE monomer is a very simple, one-step procedure, but the moisture should be strictly controlled during the synthesis. The residual water can result in byproduct, thus lowering the yield after purification.

  2. The polymerization using organic superbase t-BuP4 is a very simple and reliable method; however, the t-BuP4 must be handled and stored carefully by removing the moisture. Otherwise, it may cause a lower degree of polymerization than targeted one and self-initiation process. Thus, any source for moisture should be carefully removed in solvent, initiator and monomer.

The power of the ring: a pH-responsive hydrophobic epoxide monomer for superior micelle stability, Polym. Chem., 2017, 8, 7119-7132, DOI: 10.1039/c7py01613a

About the webwriter
Athina

Dr. Athina Anastasaki is a Web Writer for Polymer Chemistry. She is currently a Global Marie Curie Fellow working alongside Professor Craig Hawker at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB). Please visit this site for more information.

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Paper of the month: Dual stimuli responsive self-healing and malleable materials based on dynamic thiol-Michael chemistry

Chakma et al. exploit dynamic thiol-Michael chemistry to prepare dual responsive self-healing and malleable materials.

Dynamically crosslinked polymeric materials have received significant attention owing to their unique characteristics including the introduction of mechanical properties and the possibility to extend a material’s lifetime. These materials can typically find use in a wide range of applications such as coatings and elastomers. Konkolewicz and co-workers significantly contributed towards this direction by developing a facile synthesis of dynamic materials with thiol-maleimide based adducts. Maleimides are of particular importance as they consist of a highly reactive vinyl group for thiol-Michael addition reactions and typically demonstrate very high yields under mild conditions. To synthesize such materials, a thiol-maleimide cross linker (2-((1-(2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl)-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-3-yl)thio)ethylacrylate) was initially synthesized and subsequently incorporated into a polymer matrix of hydroxyethyl acrylate. The properties of the elastomeric materials were then carefully evaluated by tensile testing, creep recovery, swelling studies, differential scanning calorimetry and rheological experiments. It was found that these polymeric materials showed dynamic behaviours like self-healing and malleability at elevated pH values and temperatures. In addition, these materials possess significant healing properties and are mechanically stable towards creep deformation at room temperature and pressure. Their stimuli responsive self-healing, elastic, malleable and mechanically stable nature in combination with the facile nature of the synthesis paves the way for potential utilization in different applications that require enhanced properties and functions.

Dual stimuli responsive self-healing and malleable materials based on dynamic thiol-Michael chemistry

Tips/comments directly from the authors:

1. The synthetic techniques used to make the thiol-Michael based crosslinker (TMMDA) are very simple, but extra care should be given to store the crosslinker in the refrigerator or freezer. Storing the crosslinker at room temperature may result in background polymerization and eventually lead to loss of the crosslinker.

2. Although conventional free radical polymerization was used as a tool for polymerization, other polymerization techniques can be used as well. Although, reactivity of the thiol moiety has to be considered in that case.

3. Self-healing polymers are commonly responsive to single stimulus (e.g. temperature responsive Diels-Alder based polymer or light responsive disulfide polymer). TMMDA crosslinked materials developed in this paper have self-healing properties with both temperature and pH stimulus, giving them enhanced functionality and responsive character.

4. Dynamic materials synthesized in this article, based on the thiol-Michael reaction, showed malleability or reshape ability in response to both elevated temperature and pH. As a result, materials can be re-shaped into new configurations upon application of stimuli.

5. The thiol-Michael adducts are essentially static in the absence of thermal and pH stimulus, making the materials mechanically stable and creep resistant under ambient conditions.

 

Dual stimuli responsive self-healing and malleable materials based on dynamic thiol-Michael chemistry, Polym. Chem., 2017, 8, 6534-6543, DOI: 10.1039/C7PY01356F

 

About the webwriter

Dr. Athina Anastasaki is a Web Writer for Polymer Chemistry. She is currently a Global Marie Curie Fellow working alongside Professor Craig Hawker at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB). Please, visit this link for more information.
Athina

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2018 Polymer Chemistry Lectureship is now open for nominations!

Do you know an early-career researcher who deserves recognition for their contribution to the polymer chemistry field?

Now is your chance to put them forward for the accolade they deserve.

Polymer Chemistry is pleased to announce that nominations are now being accepted for its 2018 Lectureship award. This annual award was established in 2015 to honour an early-stage career scientist who has made a significant contribution to the polymer chemistry field.

Previous winners

2017 – Julien Nicolas, Université Paris Sud, France

2016 – Feihe HuangZhejiang University, China

2015 – Richard HoogenboomGhent University, Belgium

Qualification

To be eligible for the Polymer Chemistry Lectureship, the candidate should be in the earlier stages of their scientific career, typically within 15 years of attaining their doctorate or equivalent degree, and will have made a significant contribution to the field.

Description

The recipient of the award will be asked to present a lecture at the Macro18 World Polymer Congress in Cairns, Australia, where they will also be presented with the award. The Polymer Chemistry Editorial Office will provide financial support to the recipient for travel and accommodation costs.

The recipient will also be asked to contribute a lead article to the journal and will have their work showcased free of charge on the front cover of the issue in which their article is published.

Selection

The recipient of the award will be selected and endorsed by the Polymer Chemistry Editorial Board.

Nominations

Those wishing to make a nomination should send details of the nominee, including a brief C.V. and a letter supporting the nomination, to the Polymer Chemistry Editorial Office by 15thJanuary 2018. Self-nomination is not permitted.

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Paper of the month: Polymer synthesis by mimicking nature’s strategy: the combination of ultra-fast RAFT and the Biginelli reaction

Wu et al. report the combination of ultra-fast RAFT and Biginelli reaction to prepare a large polymer library.

Nature is capable of synthesizing an unlimited number of biomacromolecules (e.g. proteins) with remarkable structures and functions by simply starting from only 20 amino acids. This process lies in the precise sequence-controlled polymerization of amino acids to control the primary structures of polypeptide precursors, followed by a highly efficient post-translation modification in order to define these structures.

Polymer synthesis by mimicking nature’s strategy

Inspired by nature’s strategy to synthesize proteins, Tao and co-workers developed a two-stage method to synthesize a large number of polymers with precisely controlled structures, different functionalities and various molecular diversities. Key to their strategy is the combination of controlled radical polymerization and post-polymerization modification. Specifically, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization was utilized to synthesize the polymer precursors starting from only 3 acrylamide monomers. By repeating the polymerization with different monomer sequences, 6 triblock copolymers with controlled chain ends, molecular weights and molar mass distributions were obtained. The different polarity of all synthesized precursors was then confirmed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The triblock copolymers were subsequently modified via the Biginelli reaction to rapidly generate 60 derivatives in a high-throughput (HPT) manner. HTP analyses was also conducted as an efficient and quick way to verify specific functionalities (e.g. radical scavengers, metal chelating agents, etc.).

In summary, the authors presented an efficient strategy to prepare and characterize large libraries of polymers with diverse structures and functions.

Tips/comments directly from the authors:

1. For the Biginelli reaction, acetic acid/MgCl2 is an efficient solvent/catalyst system to smoothly get the targeted compounds. However, this system is not as efficient for aliphatic aldehydes. Fortunately, the Biginelli reaction has been studied for more than 100 years and as such, many other solvent/catalyst systems have been established in this time. Thus, people can choose different conditions to perform the Biginelli reaction for the post-polymerization modification depending on the specific requirements and applications.

2. For the high throughput analysis of radical scavengers, the oxygen in the air might also quench the radical, and the radical colour was found to fade faster in summer than in winter. Thus, the use of fresh reagents and careful recording of the temperature is recommended.

3. The ultra-fast RAFT was used in the present work as a model polymerization to prepare copolymers. The authors believe other advanced controlled radical polymerization techniques (SET-ATRP, photo-induced CRPs, sulfur-free RAFT, etc.) can also be used to prepare multiblock copolymers, especially when thermo-sensitive monomers are used.

Polymer synthesis by mimicking nature’s strategy: the combination of ultra-fast RAFT and the Biginelli reaction, Polym. Chem., 2017, 8, 5679-5687, DOI: 10.1039/c7py01313b

 

About the webwriter
Athina

Dr. Athina Anastasaki is a Web Writer for Polymer Chemistry. She is currently a Global Marie Curie Fellow working alongside Professor Craig Hawker at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB). Please visit this link for more information.

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Paper of the month: Sequence-coded ATRP macroinitiators

Telitel et al. report the synthesis of sequence-coded ATRP macroinitiators followed by a controlled polymerization

The development of strategies that allow the translation of the precise monomer sequence control achieved in nature over macromolecular structure (e.g. DNA) to whole synthetic systems is an exciting field in current polymer science. In particular, the fabrication of sequence-defined polymers paves the way for a diverse range of applications. For example, these macromolecules can be used to store monomer-coded information. Lutz and his team has pioneered this field and recently described the synthesis of digitally-encoded polyurethanes using an orthogonal solid-phase iterative approach. This class of materials is particularly interesting thanks to their unique physicochemical properties and straightforward sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry.

Sequence-coded ATRP macroinitiators

In the current contribution, Lutz and co-workers expand the application pool of these materials by covalently linking sequence-coded oligomers to other synthetic polymers. Sequence-coded oligourethanes were initially synthesized by orthogonal solid phase iterative chemistry on a modified Wang resin. While still attached to the solid support, the ω-OH-termini of the oligourethanes were transformed into atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiators by esterification with α-bromoisobutyryl bromide. Then, the oligomers were detached from the solid support and their cleaved α -COOH-termini were esterified with ethanol yielding monodisperse ATRP macro initiators. Upon polymerization of styrene from these precise oligomers, well-defined blocky architectures were obtained containing sequence-coded oligourethane segments. The polymerization was well-controlled, yielding materials with narrow molecular mass distributions and good agreement between theoretical and experimental molecular weights. Importantly, for a given macroinitiator length, the coded sequence of oligourethane had no influence on the ATRP process. Overall, these exciting results open up interesting perspectives for the development of plastic materials containing sequence-coded traceability barcodes.

Tips/comments directly from the authors:

  1. Sequence-coded oligourethanes have an interesting tendency to crystallize, which is currently under investigation. Consequently, these oligomers are usually relatively easy to characterize in solution directly after their synthesis but may become less soluble in standard solvents with time and storage.
  2. As mentioned in the communication, the tendency toward self-organization of the oligourethanes might influence their macroinitiator behavior. The preliminary results shown in this communication indicate that a controlled radical polymerization behavior is attainable with these macroinitiators. However, a deeper understanding of the initiation step is probably mandatory.
  3. The atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene was chosen as a simple polymerization model in the present work. Nevertheless, other controlled radical polymerization techniques might, of course, be considered for preparing such materials.

Sequence-coded ATRP macroinitiators Polym. Chem., 2017, 8, 4988-4991, DOI: 10.1039/C7PY00496F

 

About the webwriter

Athina Anastasaki

Dr. Athina Anastasaki is a Web Writer for Polymer Chemistry. She is currently a Global Marie Curie Fellow working alongside Professor Craig Hawker at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB). Please, visit this link for more information.

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Photopolymerization Fundamentals 2017 Poster Prize Winner

Congratulations to Abishek Shete, who was awarded the Polymer Chemistry Best Poster Award at Photopolymerization Fundamentals 2017, in Boulder, Colorado, USA. Abishek is currently carrying out research in the CJK Polymer Research group at the University of Delaware.

In addition, due to the high number of exellent poster presentations, three candidates were given honourable mentions;

  • Dillon Love, University of Colorado,
  • Hanns Houck, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Ghent University, Queensland University of Technology,
  • Camila Uzcategui, University of Colorado.

Congratulations to all winners!

 

Polymer Chemistry Poster Prize Winners Photopolymerization Fundamentals 2017

Left to right: Christopher Barner-Kowollik (Editor in Chief of Polymer Chemistry), Abishek Shete, (Main Poster Prize Winner) Dillon Love, (Honorable Mention) Hanns Houck, (Honorable Mention) Camila Uzcategui, (Honorable Mention) Christopher Bowman (Chair of the 2017 Photopolymerization Fundamentals Conference)

 

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