Archive for January, 2011

Meet our author….Xin-Yan Wu

Xin-Yan Wu is an organic chemist based at East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. Her research focuses on the development of bifunctional organocatalysts, the subject of her recent ChemComm communication: Enantioselective intramolecular Rauhut–Currier reaction catalyzed by chiral phosphinothiourea

Find out more by downloading the communication – it is free to download until 14th February 2011.

Xin-Yan Wu has been talking to ChemComm about her work.

What inspired you to become a scientist?
I was fascinated with chemistry during high school and being a chemist became my dream. Therefore I chose chemistry as my major at university. During my undergraduate study I was greatly enchanted by the creativity and diversity of organic chemistry thus I chose to further pursue a doctorate in this field. After being awarded my PhD title, I joined Professor Qi-Lin Zhou’s research group (East China University of Science and Technology) and began to work in the field of asymmetric catalysis. My patient and silent nature was the catalyst for promoting me as a scientist.

What was the motivation behind the work described in your ChemComm article?
The development of new bifunctional organocatalysts became my research interest when I started to independently progress my research work. Although amino acid-derived aminophosphine compounds are useful intermediates for chiral ligands, they had never been used in asymmetric organocatalysis. In recent years we have developed phosphinothiourea derivatives as efficient catalysts. Initially, we focused on the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction and the 1,3-diploar cycloaddition. During the preparation of ω-formyl-enones as substrates for intramolecular Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction via Wittig reaction, bis(enones) were obtained as by-products. We consequently envisioned whether chiral phosphinothiourea could catalyse the enantioselective Rauhut-Currier reaction of bis(enones). To the best of our knowledge, this reaction has scarcely been studied and the use of chiral organophosphine as its catalyst has never been reported. Hence, we attempted the phosphinothiourea as the catalyst for promoting such reaction, and fortunately we have obtained satisfactory results. Indeed, there are sometimes unexpected but pleasant surprises in research.

Why did you choose ChemComm to publish your work?
Because ChemComm is one of the most highly regarded international journals in chemistry and it possesses a broad readership.

Where do you see your research heading next?
We are now working on the enantioselective cycloaddition reactions catalysed by the amino acid-derived aminophosphines reported in the present paper. Meanwhile, we are seeking for other novel bifunctional organophosphines as organocatalysts, efficiently fulfilling a wide spectrum of enantioselective reactions.

What do you enjoy doing in your spare time?
I like cooking for my husband and writing blogs for my daughter.

If you could not be a scientist but could be anything else what would you be?
I would like to be a writer or a doctor.

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Meet our author… Jason Camp

Based at Nottingham University in the UK, Jason Camp’s research group focuses on developing mild, sustainable and environmentally friendly synthetic methods for forming added-value compounds from simple starting materials. Specifically, the group are interested in multifaceted catalysis, which is the ability of one metal to catalyse multiple unique processes in a reaction sequence.  

Why not read Jason Camp’s latest ChemComm publication on ‘Gold-Catalysed Rearrangement of O-Vinyl Oximes for the Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrroles’? It will be free to access until the 14th February, 2011.

 
Jason took some time out from his research to answer some questions for us…       What initially inspired you to become a scientist?
I grew up in a family of construction workers and was therefore constantly building (and destroying) things, from Lego to Lincoln Logs to forts in the backyard.
This concept of building and creating things carried over into my studies at university and really crystallised during my undergraduate research projects at the University of Adelaide and the University of California, Davis. 

For me, the fascinating thing about being a synthetic chemist is the ability, on a frequent basis, to make something that no one else has ever made or develop a better way to make an important compound. It is the challenge of taking what is known in the literature and building upon it to create something that enticed me into becoming a scientist. 

Why did you choose ChemComm to publish your work?
ChemComm was selected due to its high impact factor, broad readership and rapid turnaround time.
 
What was your motivation behind the work described in you ChemComm article?
The driving philosophy behind this research is the idea that one metal can catalyse multiple steps in a synthetic sequence, multifaceted catalysis. This research seeks to get the most out of the catalytic system, whilst limiting the overall cost in terms of time, waste and expense.
 

Where do you see your research heading next?
The work discussed in this communication underpins one of our major research philosophies and we hope to expand the concepts into a multitude of new reaction manifolds. We are therefore actively pursuing reactions that lend themselves to this sort of multifaceted catalysis process.

 

What do you enjoy doing in your spare time?
Spending time with my family and friends, hiking/biking and travelling the world.
 
If you could not be a scientist, but could be anything else, what would you be?
Travel writer / photographer

If you would like to find out more about Jason and his research, then please visit the Camp Research Group website for further information.

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The hydrogen evolution

An inexpensive, easy to assemble light-activated water-splitting system for generating hydrogen has been devised by UK scientists.

Erwin Reisner at the University of Manchester* attached an inexpensive metal, cobalt, to ruthenium dye-sensitised titania nanoparticles. They placed the nanoparticles in water, added triethanolamine (which donates an electron), stirred the mixture at room temperature and found that hydrogen was generated.

Nanoparticles show excellent dispersibility in water and the high surface area allows for easy variation of the catalyst loading and ratio for the optimisation of light absorption and catalysis, says Reisner.

Download Reisner’s ChemComm communication to find out more. This article is part of the ChemComm Hydrogen web theme.

*now at the University of Cambridge

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Toxin sensor for drinking water

A green and simple method to make a sensor to detect one of the most toxic cyanotoxins, microcystin-LR, has been devised by scientists from China. Cyanotoxins are produced by blue-green algae and can contaminate drinking water.

In 1998 the World Health Organisation (WHO) set up a provisional guideline limit of 1 mg L-1 for  microcystin-LR in drinking water so detecting it in the environment is important.

Huangxian Ju and colleagues from Nanjing University made their sensor to detect  microcystin-LR by  assembling gold nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes. Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes are less toxic to cells and have better biocompatibility than un-doped carbon nanotubes, making them more suitable for use in biosensors. The nitrogen incorporated in the nanotubes also provides an active site to anchor gold nanoparticles onto. 

 

 The team immobilised an antibody for microcystin-LR on their nanosensor and used it to detect the cyanotoxin in water samples. They found that microcystin-LR could be detected at levels much lower than the limit set out in the WHO guidelines. 

Ju explains that although several methods can detect the presence of microcystin-LR, they are time-consuming, need expensive equipment and advanced technical expertise. Ju’s nanocomposite is cheap to make and shows a wide concentration range, low detection limit, good reproducibility and could successfully detect microcystin-LR in polluted water samples, said the researchers.

‘This system is more biocompatible than existing systems, so leads to enhanced sensitivity for microcystin-LR immunosensing,’ says Dianping Tang, an expert in electrochemical immunoassay technologies from Fuzhou University in China.

Ju hopes to immobilise different metal nanoparticles onto the nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes to make metal nanoparticle/nanotube composites as biocompatible platforms for biosensing and biocatalysis.

Rachel Cooper

 

Link to the ChemComm article:-

 In situ assembly of gold nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for sensitive immunosensing of microcystin-LR
Jing Zhang, Jianping Lei, Rong Pan, Chuan Leng, Zheng Hu and Huangxian Ju, Chem. Commun., 2011, 47, 668
DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04198j

 

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Bacteria-based AND gate: a decision-making and self-powered biosensor

Scientists have made the first Boolean logic gate that is purely bacteria-based. It uses the biochemical networks of whole and living bacteria to perform its biocomputing function.

Various logic gates (i.e. AND, OR, XOR) have been made using enzymatic bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), where enzymatic reactions form the core parts of the gates. But until now, microbial BESs, which have electrochemically active bacteria at the electrodes to catalyse oxidation and reduction reactions, have never been used as logic systems.

Largus Angenent, at Cornell University, Ithaca, US, and colleagues used Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant bacteria in their AND logic gate. P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that infects humans (and other organisms), causing a range of problems including inflammation and sepsis. Angenent claims his bacteria-based AND gate could be used in a self-powered, decision-making biosensor to detect or monitor pathogens such as P. aeruginosa.

Graphical abstract: Bacteria-based AND logic gate: a decision-making and self-powered biosensor

To find out more, download Angenent’s ChemComm communication.

If you have some hot research to report, make the right decision and submit to ChemComm.

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New ChemComm Associate Editor

I am delighted to welcome Professor Michael Krische (University of Texas at Austin, USA) as the new ChemComm North American Associate Editor for Organic Chemistry.

His research focuses on catalytic reaction development with applications in natural product synthesis. A central theme involves the identification of new reactivity patterns, the evolution of related catalytic processes and, ultimately, the development of new synthetic strategies.

Professor Krische’s editorial office is now open for submissions in the area of organic chemistry. We look forward to working with him in his new role.

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