Detecting cocaine with the naked eye

Schematic drawings of (A) different designs of assay probes for cocaine detection: (left) monolithic aptamer (MA), (middle) double-fragment aptamer (DFA), and (right) triple-fragment aptamer (TFA); (B) gold nanoparticle based optical cocaine detection using TFA. The same oligonucletide sequences were drawn in the same colors.

Chinese scientists have developed a  colorimetric sensor consisting of a triple-fragment aptamer (TFA) that is able to assemble in the presence of cocaine. Xinhui Lou and Yueying Liu and co-workers at the Capital Normal University in Beijing, showed that the aptasensor was specific for cocaine and worked equally well in complex urine samples containing 100 μM cocaine or filtered serum containing cocaine.   

This new type of aptamer probe design showed a gradual colour change from red to blue when the concentrations of cocaine was increased from 0 to 200 μM . “TFA broadens the repertoire of probe designs and provides good opportunities for the future development of novel detection approaches and for nanostructure constructions,” says Liu et al. 

Even though the assays need to be conducted at low temperature (4 °C), the authors believe that the detection method can be further improved by increasing the stem length. 

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Highly specific triple-fragment aptamer for optical detection of cocaine
Ruxing Zou ,  Xinhui Lou ,  Huichao Ou ,  Ying Zhang ,  Wenjie Wang ,  Min Yuan ,  Ming Guan ,  Zhaofeng Luo and Yueying Liu 

RSC Adv., 2012,2, 4636-4638
DOI: 10.1039/C2RA20307C

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Top ten most accessed articles in May

This month sees the following articles in RSC Advances that are in the top ten most accessed:- 10.1039/C2RA01056A

Organic dyes containing fluorene-substituted indoline core for zinc oxide dye-sensitized solar cell
Shinji Higashijima, Yukiko Inoue, Hidetoshi Miura, Yasuhiro Kubota, Kazumasa Funabiki, Tsukasa Yoshida and Masaki Matsui
RSC Adv., 2012,2, 2721-2724, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA01358D, Communication

Recent developments in solvent-free multicomponent reactions: a perfect synergy for eco-compatible organic synthesis
Maya Shankar Singh and Sushobhan Chowdhury
RSC Adv., 2012, Advance Article, DOI:

Well-crystallized square-like 2D BiOCl nanoplates: mannitol-assisted hydrothermal synthesis and improved visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance
Jinyan Xiong, Gang Cheng, Guangfang Li, Fan Qin and Rong Che
RSC Adv., 2011,1, 1542-1553, DOI: 10.1039/C1RA00335F, Paper

Graphene-inorganic nanocomposites
Song Bai and Xiaoping Shen
RSC Adv., 2012, 2, 64-98, DOI: 10.1039/C1RA00260K

3D-hierarchical NiO-graphene nanosheet composites as anodes for lithium ion batteries with improved reversible capacity and cycle stability
Liqi Tao, Jiantao Zai, Kaixue Wang, Yihang Wan, Haojie Zhang, Chao Yu, Yinglin Xiao and Xuefeng Qian
RSC Adv., 2012,2, 3410-3415, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA00963C, Paper

Graphene oxide and its reduction: modeling and experimental progress
Shun Mao, Haihui Pu and Junhong Chen
RSC Adv., 2012, 2, 2643-2662, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA00663D

Cucurbituril chemistry: a tale of supramolecular success
Eric Masson, Xiaoxi Ling, Roymon Joseph, Lawrence Kyeremeh-Mensah and Xiaoyong Lu
RSC Adv., 2012, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C1RA00768H

Graphene-based photocatalytic composites
Xiaoqiang An and Jimmy C. Yu
RSC Adv., 2011,1, 1426-1434, DOI: 10.1039/C1RA00382H, Review Article

Hybrid structure of zinc oxide nanorods and three dimensional graphene foam for supercapacitor and electrochemical sensor applications
Xiaochen Dong, Yunfa Cao, Jing Wang, Mary B. Chan-Park, Lianhui Wang, Wei Huang and Peng Chen
RSC Adv., 2012,2, 4364-4369, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA01295B

Reflections on Chemistry of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
Olusola O. James, Biswajit Chowdhury, M. Adediran Mesubi and Sudip Maity
RSC Adv., 2012, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA20519J, Review Article

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Mesoscopic Gold Bowls

SEM image of an ordered array of MnSO4 bowls obtained after calcination of the MnSO4–PVP composite film at 550 °C for 5 h.

SEM image of an ordered array of MnSO4 bowls obtained after calcination of the MnSO4–PVP composite film at 550 °C for 5 h.

Scientists at the  Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, in Bangalore, India, report a simple method for the “spontaneous formation of ordered, mesoscale structures made up of inorganic salt bowls”. These tiny bowls are said to be generating a lot of interest due to their unique application as ‘containers’ to hold ultra-low volumes.

The team led by Eswaramoorthy showed that when manganese sulfate is heated with the water soluble polymer PVP, the mix spontaneously forms arrays of tiny water-soluble bowls of the manganese sulfate salt. The beautiful structures are the result of the salt crystallising around the PVP as it bubbles and evaporates. The salt bowl were coated in gold, before the salt is washed away leaving some of the tiniest gold bowls ever made.

Scheme showing formation process of different MnSO4 morphologies through gas-bubble template method, Scheme A: Bowls, Scheme B: Ball-in-bowl shaped structures, Scheme C: Ring shaped structures (for convenience, all morphologies are shown to be evolved from the same film).

Scheme showing formation process of different MnSO4 morphologies through gas-bubble template method, Scheme A: Bowls, Scheme B: Ball-in-bowl shaped structures, Scheme C: Ring shaped structures (for convenience, all morphologies are shown to be evolved from the same film).

 

 

 

 

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Shaping up: spontaneous formation of ordered mesoscopic salt bowls

Katla Sai Krishna, Bosukonda V. V. S. Pavan Kumar and Muthusamy Eswaramoorthy
RSC Adv., 2012, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C2RA20596C, Communication

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Top ten most accessed articles in April

This month sees the following articles in RSC Advances that are in the top ten most accessed:-

Graphene-inorganic nanocomposites
Song Bai and Xiaoping Shen
RSC Adv., 2012, 2, 64-98, DOI: 10.1039/C1RA00260K

Graphene oxide and its reduction: modeling and experimental progress
Shun Mao, Haihui Pu and Junhong Chen
RSC Adv.,
2012, 2, 2643-2662, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA00663D

Recent developments in solvent-free multicomponent reactions: a perfect synergy for eco-compatible organic synthesis
Maya Shankar Singh and Sushobhan Chowdhury
RSC Adv.,
2012, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA01056A

Graphene quantum dots with controllable surface oxidation, tunable fluorescence and up-conversion emission
Shoujun Zhu, Junhu Zhang, Xue Liu, Bo Li, Xingfeng Wang, Shijia Tang, Qingnan Meng, Yunfeng Li, Ce Shi, Rui Hu and Bai Yang
RSC Adv.,
2012,2, 2717-2720, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA20182H

Hybrid structure of zinc oxide nanorods and three dimensional graphene foam for supercapacitor and electrochemical sensor applications
Xiaochen Dong, Yunfa Cao, Jing Wang, Mary B. Chan-Park, Lianhui Wang, Wei Huang and Peng Chen
RSC Adv.,
2012,2, 4364-4369, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA01295B

Tuning of photoluminescence on different surface functionalized carbon quantum dots
Sourov Chandra, Shaheen H. Pathan, Shouvik Mitra, Binita H. Modha, Arunava Goswami and Panchanan Pramanik
RSC Adv.,
2012,2, 3602-3606, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA00030J

Nitrogen-doped graphene with high nitrogen level via a one-step hydrothermal reaction of graphene oxide with urea for superior capacitive energy storage
Li Sun, Lei Wang, Chungui Tian, Taixing Tan, Ying Xie, Keying Shi, Meitong Li and Honggang Fu
RSC Adv.,
2012,2, 4498-4506, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA01367C

Cucurbituril chemistry: a tale of supramolecular success
Eric Masson, Xiaoxi Ling, Roymon Joseph, Lawrence Kyeremeh-Mensah and Xiaoyong Lu
RSC Adv., 2012, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C1RA00768H

Ultrasonication-assisted direct functionalization of graphene with macromolecules
Bin Shen, Wentao Zhai, Dingding Lu, Jing Wang and Wenge Zheng
RSC Adv., 2012, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA01098D

Metal-organic frameworks and related materials for hydrogen purification: Interplay of pore size and pore wall polarity
Michael Fischer, Frank Hoffmann and Michael Fröba
RSC Adv., 2012,2, 4382-4396, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA01239A

Why not take a look at the articles today and blog your thoughts and comments below.

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RSC Advances is now indexed in Scopus

We are very pleased to announce that RSC Advances is now fully indexed in Scopus. 

SciVerse Scopus is the world’s largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. By featuring in Scopus, RSC Advances articles become even more discoverable and visible to scientists. All our 2011-2012 content are completely free to access subject to a simple registration process.

According to Scopus, RSC Advances has published over 700 articles since our launch in August 2011. Why not join your peers and take this opportunity to submit your work today!

PS: We are also indexed in other major databases such as Thomson Reuters SCI-expanded databases including ISI Web of Science and CAS.

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Cheap gum removes oil from wastewater

‘Flaxseed gum beads can be used to remove oil from wastewater systems,’ claim Chinese scientists.
Flaxseed gum is a mixture of proteins and polysaccharides such as arabinose, rhamnose, fucose, xylose and others. Yu-Jie Fu and co-workers, at the Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China, explain that the flaxseed gum beads can remove 0.55 g of oil per gram of beads. They showed that flaxseed gum beads have better adsorption capacities than activated carbon.

The flaxseed gum content in the immobilised beads was 30 mg per gram and oil removal was carried out with 2mm diameter beads at room temperature and pH of 7.5. 

When investigating the removal of 1.0 kg of oil from oil–water emulsions by immobilized flaxseed gum beads v/s activated carbon. 1.82kg of flaxseed gum beads was required to remove 1.0kg of oil, costing only 2.67 RMB (chinese currency) compared to 2.17 kg of powdered activated carbon costing 43.40 RMB.  Furthermore, the flaxseed gum beads is resuable allowing lower processing costs than traditional oil removal methods. Flaxseed gum bead technology holds great promise as an alternative environmentally-friendly method for oil removal from wastewater.

Read the full paper published in RSC Advances for free:

Oil removal from oily water systems using immobilized flaxseed gum gel beads
Jing-jing Long, Yuan-gang Zu, Yu-jie Fu, Meng Luo, Pan-song Mu, Chun-jian Zhao, Chun-ying Li, Wei Wang and Ji Li
RSC Adv., 2012, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C2RA20375H, Paper

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RSC Advances at Eurasia 2012

Dr Claudio Santi (left), poster prize winner, University of Perugia, Italy with Professor George Varvounis (right), Vice Chairman of Eurasia 2012

RSC Advances was proud to sponsor the poster prize at the recent Eurasia conference in Corfu, Greece. Held every 2 years since 1988, the meeting was the 12th of its kind and hosted for the first time in Europe. About 450 delegates from over 55 countries engaged in discussions about their latest findings on the chemical sciences. The meeting kicked off with a plenary lecture from the Nobel laureate, Professor Akira Suzuki, providing updates on the metal-catalysed Suzuki reaction.

The conference then proceeded with 6 daily parallel sessions covering the following topics:

Bioinorganic Chemistry
Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics
Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drugs Design
Environmental and Green Chemistry
Physical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
Organometallic Chemistry and Catalysis
Coordination Chemistry and Inorganic Polymers
Analytical and Solution Chemistry
Organic Synthesis and Natural Products
Food Chemistry
Supramolecular Chemistry and Nanomaterials
Polymer Science
Chemical Education

The delegates were graced with over 200 posters on the above subjects. The poster winner in the Environmental and Green Chemistry category went to Dr Claudio Santi, University of Perugia, Italy. Claudio presented his work on “PhSeZn-Halides:Nucleophilic Reagents in on Water Conditions”. On behalf of  RSC Advances, Professor George Varvounis, University of Ioannina, Greece, Vice Chairman of Eurasia 2012, presented Claudio with an RSC Book on Molecular Solar Fuels and a certificate (see photo above). Many congratulations to the winner!

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Top ten most accessed articles in March

This month sees the following articles in RSC Advances that are in the top ten most accessed:-

Novel Ga-doped, self-supported, independent aligned ZnO nanorods: one-pot hydrothermal synthesis and structurally enhanced photocatalytic performance
Siyuan Yang, Chunyu Ge, Zuotao Liu, Yueping Fang, Zesheng Li, Daibin Kuang and Chengyong Su
RSC Adv., 2011, 1, 1691-169, DOI: 10.1039/C1RA00555C

Graphene-inorganic nanocomposites
Song Bai and Xiaoping Shen
RSC Adv., 2012, 2, 64-98, DOI: 10.1039/C1RA00260K

Cucurbituril chemistry: a tale of supramolecular success
Eric Masson, Xiaoxi Ling, Roymon Joseph, Lawrence Kyeremeh-Mensah and Xiaoyong Lu
RSC Adv., 2012, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C1RA00768H

Graphene oxide and its reduction: modeling and experimental progress
Shun Mao, Haihui Pu and Junhong Chen
RSC Adv., 2012, 2, 2643-2662, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA00663D

Graphene-based photocatalytic composites
Xiaoqiang An and Jimmy C. Yu
RSC Adv., 2011, 1, 1426-1434, DOI: 10.1039/C1RA00382H

Recent developments in solvent-free multicomponent reactions: a perfect synergy for eco-compatible organic synthesis
Maya Shankar Singh and Sushobhan Chowdhury
RSC Adv., 2012, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA01056A

Synthesis of WO3@Graphene composite for enhanced photocatalytic oxygen evolution from water
Jingjing Guo, Yao Li, Shenmin Zhu, Zhixin Chen, Qinglei Liu, Di Zhang, Won-Jin Moon and Deok-Min Song
RSC Adv., 2012, 2, 1356-1363, DOI: 10.1039/C1RA00621E

Metal-free, nitrogen-doped graphene used as a novel catalyst for dye-sensitized solar cell counter electrodes
Ming-Yu Yen, Chien-Kuo Hsieh, Chih-Chun Teng, Min-Chien Hsiao, Po-I Liu, Chen-Chi M. Ma, Ming-Chi Tsai, Chuen-Horng Tsai, Yan-Ru Lin and Tsung-Yu Chou
RSC Adv., 2012, 2, 2725-2728, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA00970F

Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for multicomponent reactions
Maria José Climent, Avelino Corma and Sara Iborra
RSC Adv., 2012, 2, 16-58, DOI: 10.1039/C1RA00807B

Significant improvement in the conversion efficiency of black-dye-based dye-sensitized solar cells by cosensitization with organic dye
Hironobu Ozawa, Ryosuke Shimizu and Hironori Arakawa
RSC Adv., 2012, 2, 3198-3200, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA01257J

Why not take a look at the articles today and blog your thoughts and comments below.

Fancy submitting an article to RSC Advances? Then why not submit to us today or alternatively email us your suggestions.

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Painting the mountains blue

Vera Thoss tells Elinor Richards about her bluebell business and research, using her car in her experiments and analysing whale vomit

Vera Thoss is an environmental chemistry lecturer at Bangor University, UK. Her research is based on ecological chemistry, which addresses processes mediated through specific compounds within ecosystems and environmental chemistry, which is concerned with the impact of human activities on the environment VT-blue-lying

What inspired you to become a scientist?
It all started when I was 13 and I had my first chemistry lesson. I instantly took to the subject and from then my mind was made up. I was also curious and wanted to ‘understand the world’.

What projects are you working on?
Currently, my group is working on oil pollution, composting and plant-derived products. It seems a bit of a stretch but it is all part of carbon cycling: plants build precious molecules, most of the time these remain intact but may transfer into air, water or soil. Crude oil is the remnants of sunken forests. So in the end, all the chemistry comes from plants photosynthesising and creating complex fragrances, tastes and colours. It is fascinating.

What discoveries have you made during your research on bluebells?
Bluebell seeds have a high oil content and the oil has an unusual composition. Even though this is the first chemical assessment of Hyacinthoides non-scripta  oil, the chemistry is not earth-shattering. The ecology aspects gave room for more discoveries, for example we found seed stores on the site, meaning that possibly voles or shrew have collected the seeds for storage. This has never been reported before.

Tell us about your bluebell conservation efforts and how your research can help.
We are hoping to show that bluebell seeds can be a source of fine chemicals. We obtain an oil of unusual composition from the seeds. The residue contains iminosugars, which may be of use in future medicines. I am hoping that the compounds isolated from bluebell seeds will be of commercial value, which in turn means that the conservation of bluebells pays for itself. We are hoping to paint the mountains and woodlands blue again.

Find out more about the Vera Bluebell farm and the BEACON and PROBECO projects in Chemistry World

Link to journal article
Triacylglycerol Composition of British Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) Seed Oil
Vera Thoss ,  P J Murphy ,  Ray John Marriott and Thomas Wilson
RSC Adv., 2012, Accepted Manuscript, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA20090B

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Bluebells, Bangor and biodiesel

Each Spring, on a farm set against the beautiful backdrop of the Snowdonia mountain range in North Wales, Vera Thoss is rewarded with a sight that makes the view even better – an impressive carpet of bluebells covering the land. Vera encourages the growth of the wild British bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) on her farm and is the only licensed bluebell seller in Wales.

But there is another side to her: Vera is an environmental chemistry lecturer at Bangor University and she’s been studying the composition of bluebell seeds, together with Patrick Murphy and colleagues, to determine how they could be used in the future.

With an eye to this, the team determined the fatty acid composition of the seeds using 1H and 13C NMR and GC-MS. The seed oil is highly unsaturated (>85%), contains 20% gondoic acid (cis-icos-11-enoic acid, which is found in fish and vegetable oils) and an unusually high proportion of fatty acids with 20 or more carbon atoms. This particular composition indicates that one application of the seeds could be as a biodiesel source, they say.

bluebells-snowdonia-national-park_shutterstock_300

Bluebells growing in the Snowdonia National Park

Read the full article on the Chemistry World blog

Link to journal article
Triacylglycerol Composition of British Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) Seed Oil
Vera Thoss ,  P J Murphy ,  Ray John Marriott and Thomas Wilson
RSC Adv., 2012, Accepted Manuscript, DOI: 10.1039/C2RA20090B

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