Archive for February, 2013

Paper of the week: Proton conducting phosphonic acid-functionalized polyolefins

Due to the properties arising from the synergism between the polyolefins and composites bearing polar functionalities, the unique behavior of these materials in bulk and in solution has led to emerging research in this area. Broad scientific effort, both fundamental and applied, has been devoted to obtain well-defined statistical, block and graft copolymers by covalently bonding polyolefins to amphiphilic polymers. It is well known that sequence distributions are major contributors in the adjustment of material properties in copolymers.

Graphical abstract: Synthesis of proton conducting phosphonic acid-functionalized polyolefins by the combination of ATRP and ADMET

In this context,  Markova et al. intended to use the synthetic advantages of acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization (which offers a synthetic route to strictly linear polyethylenes functionalized at precise intervals) for the formation of new membrane materials for low temperature fuel cells. Well-defined, precise poly(vinylbenzyl phosphonic acid) (PVBPA)-containing-polyolefins were obtained for the first time by a combination of ADMET and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), yielding a set of well-defined graft copolymers composed of polyethylene (PE) “backbone” and PDEVBP brushes, precisely placed on every 21st carbon. Quantitative deprotection of the phosphonates led to the corresponding polymer bonded phosphonic acids. The PA-containing electrolytes exhibited sufficient thermal properties with a high mobility for proton conduction. Moreover, the enhancement of the proton conductivity properties compared to the existing phosphonic acid containing block copolymer structures, the improved properties in the high temperature operating regime and the conductivity range  make them interesting membrane materials for future studies.

Synthesis of proton conducting phosphonic acidfunctionalized polyolefins by the combination of ATRP and ADMET by Dilyana Markova, Kathleen L. Opper, Manfred Wagner, Markus Klapper, Kenneth B. Wagener and Klaus Mullen, Polym. Chem., 2013, 4, 1351-1363.

Julien Nicolas is a guest web-writer for Polymer Chemistry. He currently works at Univ. Paris-Sud (FR) as a CNRS researcher.

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8th International Dendrimer Symposium (IDS8) 23rd – 27th of June 2013 in Madrid

The 8th International Dendrimer Symposium (IDS8) will be in Madrid, Spain from 23rd – 27th of June 2013.

IDS8 represents a great opportunity to explore the recent developments on dendrimer synthesis and applications. The organisers are extremely proud to hold the upcoming IDS8 in Madrid. They are planning an attractive Scientific Programme where all areas of dendrimer research will be represented: General, Dendrimer Synthesis & Characterization, Hyperbranched Polymer Synthesis & Characterization, Biological Studies, Drug Delivery, Imaging, Computational Modeling and Databases, Novel Applications, Catalysis and Light Harvesting and Plenary.

Please note the following dates:

  • Deadline for Abstract Submission: 30th March 2013
  • Deadline for the reduced registration fee is: 15th April 2013

You can find more information on the 8th International Dendrimer Symposium at: http://ids-8.com

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Celebrate Chinese New Year With Polymer Chemistry

Last week was the start of the Chinese New Year, and the year of the Snake. To mark this occasion all the covers of the latest issue of Polymer Chemistry have been chosen to highlight some of the great work coming from our Chinese authors.

High-density and hetero-functional group engineering of segmented hyperbranched polymers via click chemistry
Sipei Li, Jin Han and Chao Gao
DOI: 10.1039/C2PY20951A

Facile hydrothermal synthesis of low generation dendrimer-stabilized gold nanoparticles for in vivo computed tomography imaging applications
Hui Liu, Yanhong Xu, Shihui Wen, Jingyi Zhu, Linfeng Zheng, Mingwu Shen, Jinglong Zhao, Guixiang Zhang and Xiangyang Shi
DOI: 10.1039/C2PY20993D

Synthesis and characterization of diazafluorene-based oligofluorenes and polyfluorene
Wei-Jie Li, Bin Liu, Yan Qian, Ling-Hai Xie, Jing Wang, Sheng-Biao Li and Wei Huang
DOI: 10.1039/C2PY20971C

Visit the Polymer Chemistry webpage and browse this issue today

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_New_Year
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Paper of the week: Plastic reusable pH indicator strips

pH-sensitive anionic dyes have been widely used in scientific research and industrial applications. The most common pH test approach generally utilizes papers as the substrate which absorbed pH-sensitive dyes. However, pH test papers often suffer from the leaching of dyes into solution, and the contamination of the samples which can result in anomalous readings. In the past years, plastic pH-sensitive strips have been prepared by immobilizing small molecular pH-sensitive dyes into the polymer matrix via the adsorption or entrapment approach. However, the physical entrapment may lead to a gradual loss of dyes from the substrates, which therefore limits the sensor stability and long-term practical applications. Therefore, various polymers with covalently bonded pH-sensitive moieties have been recently developed for the pH test.

Graphical abstract: Plastic reusable pH indicator strips: preparation via anion-exchange of poly(ionic liquids) with anionic dyes

In their study, Yan and co-workers  reported a facile and effective strategy for the preparation of plastic pH indicator strips and the characterization of their pH sensitivity. They focused their attention on poly(ionic liquids) (PILs) due to their excellent ion exchange capability, enabling the preparation of PILs with a variety of counteranions by polymerization of only one IL monomer and followed by anion-exchange reactions. The pH-sensitive strips were prepared via the cross-linking of imidazolium type IL monomers with acrylonitrile and followed by anion-exchange with sulfonated anionic dyes which bear their negative charge in a wide pH range. The resultant pH indicator strips exhibited enhanced pH-responsive colour changes and robust pH-response reversibility in both aqueous and organic solutions.

Plastic reusable pH indicator strips: preparation via anion-exchange of poly(ionic liquids) with anionic dyes by Jiangna Guo, Lihua Qiu, Zhijun Deng and Feng Yan, Polym. Chem., 2013, 4, 1309-1312.

Julien Nicolas is a guest web-writer for Polymer Chemistry. He currently works at Univ. Paris-Sud (FR) as a CNRS researcher.

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Author of the Week: Prof. Gianfranco Pasut

Gianfranco Pasut is Assistant Professor of “Delivery and Formulation of Biotech Drug” at the Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova (Italy), since 2006. He received a M.S. in Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology in 1999 and his PhD degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences from University of Padova in 2003 with Prof. Francesco Veronese. In the 2001, he joined for one year the lab of Prof. Irwin Chaiken at the University of Pennsylvania (USA) and in 2007 he was “Visiting Scientist” at the School of Pharmacy, University of Reading (UK). His current research interests are focused on using polymers for the delivery of protein and small drugs. Studies have taken into consideration either synthetic or natural polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly (2-Ethyl 2-Oxazoline), hyaluronic acid, polyglutamic acid and polysialyc acid. Pasut has developed several protein conjugates and he has also studied new approaches of protein-polymer conjugation by exploiting the enzyme transglutaminase. In the field of drug delivery of small drugs, he investigated new targeted conjugates and conjugates for combination therapy. He has published 45 articles, 11 book chapters and is the inventor of 9 patents.

Website: http://pasutlab.altervista.org/Home.html Contact: gianfranco.pasut@unipd.it

What was your inspiration in becoming a chemist?

Chemistry was not my first choice, I simple didn’t know enough about it. When I was at the high School, I was interested in mechanics but a great teacher perfectly introduced me into the fascinating world of chemistry. Those days changed my life because later I decided to study pharmaceutical chemistry at the University, seeking for a possibility to join the potentials of chemistry with the prospect to help people. Later on, during my PhD, Prof. F.M. Veronese guided me into the field of drug delivery where I started my studies with polymers.

What was the motivation to write your Polymer Chemistry article?

The motivation that fuelled the research study reported in the paper arrived after a discussion with a colleague, who is also a friend (Prof F. Greco, University of Reading, co-authoring the paper). We were discussing about polymer conjugates in drug delivery and the advantages and pitfalls of several approaches. We ended the talk with two considerations, first, polysialic acid has not been studied as drug carrier of an actual small drug and, second, there were not studies comparing systematically the role of the polymer in drug-polymer conjugates. We decided to undertake both investigations at once!

Why did you choose Polymer Chemistry to publish your work? (DOI:10.1039/C2PY20876H)

Although Polymer Chemistry is a new journal it is already recognized as one of the leading journal in its field and we thought that our paper would fit within the scope of the journal and it would be read by a large audience. Another important point is that we appreciated a lot the papers published in this journal and their quality.

In which upcoming conferences may our readers meet you?

I’ll present at Biotech Conference & Expo 2013, May 12-16, Washington (DC) (http://www.techconnectworld.com/Biotech2013/bio.html) and I am planning to attend the Controlled Release Society Annual Meeting in July.

How do you spend your spare times?

I like to spend my spare time with my wife and our two sons, 2.5 years and 1 month! So you can imagine that now I do not have much free time. We have fun also with our dog, a dachshund called PEG (a proper name for a kind of “long chain” dog!)

Which profession would you choose if you were not a scientist?

As mentioned above my first passion was mechanics and still like a lot this matter and especially almost everything that has an engine, so likely I would have been working in this field.

Cyrille Boyer is a guest web-writer for Polymer Chemistry. He is currently a Senior Lecturer and an ARC-Future Fellow at the Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (Australia)).

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Paper of the week: A novel supramolecular polymer via host–guest and charge-transfer interactions

Supramolecular polymers, defined as polymeric arrays of many repeating units held together by reversible and weak non-covalent interactions, are considered as the result of the combination of supramolecular chemistry and polymer science. Non-covalent interactions, such as multiple hydrogen bonding, host–guest interactions and metal-coordination, have been introduced to fabricate supramolecular polymers, and these reversible and highly directional secondary interactions endow supramolecular polymers with novel topological structures and unique functions. Charge transfer complexes, prepared by the association between an electron acceptor and an electron donor, have been proved to be important and attractive building blocks for the construction of multiple supramolecular aggregates.

Graphical abstract: A supramolecular polymer formed by the combination of crown ether-based and charge-transfer molecular recognition

In this view, Huang and co-workers reported on the design and the synthesis of a novel supramolecular polymer constructed from two heteroditopic monomers driven by the combination of crown ether-based and charge-transfer molecular recognition. High molecular weight supramolecular polymers were formed by complexation between crown ethers and secondary ammonium salts, and paraquat derivatives and pyrene derivatives, respectively. This kind of supramolecular polymer exhibited the ability to construct nanofibers via electrospinning technology.

A supramolecular polymer formed by the combination of crown ether-based and charge-transfer molecular recognition by Shengyi Dong, Lingyan Gao, Jianzhuang Chen, Guocan Yu, Bo Zheng and Feihe Huang, Polym. Chem., 2013, 4, 882-886.

Julien Nicolas is a guest web-writer for Polymer Chemistry. He currently works at Univ. Paris-Sud (FR) as a CNRS researcher.

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Author of the Week: Dr. Markus Klapper

Markus Klapper studied chemistry at the University of Mainz and received his PhD in 1990 (Prof. R. C. Schulz) for work on the synthesis and topochemical polymerization of aminodiacetylenes. Soon after, he joined the MPI for Polymer Research and became project leader in the Dept. of Polymer Synthesis (Prof. Klaus Müllen). His research interests are very broad and include new polycondensation and polymerization methods, as well as polymer analogous reactions towards the synthesis of functional polymers and block copolymers. These materials are especially designed for fuel cell applications or for the hydropho­bisation of inorganic nanoparticles. Additionally, he has focused in the recent years on the polymerization of olefins in heterogeneous phase for which he has developed new organic supports and studied their polymerization behavior. Another central topic is the development of non-aqueous emulsions suitable for the polymerization of water-sensitive monomers. In this area he developed new emulsifiers based on for example perfluorinated structures. He published more than 130 papers and filed about 20 patents. He is managing editor of Polymer Bulletin.

Personal Webpage: http://www.mpip-mainz.mpg.de/70027/Dr_Markus_Klapper

Institutes webpage: http://www.mpip-mainz.mpg.de

What was your inspiration in becoming a chemist?

In fact, I had this dream already in school due to an excellent experienced teacher in chemistry! In the seventh grade we did the first experiments and I found this rather fascinating. From that time on there was no doubt for me that chemistry should become my profession.

What was the motivation to write your Polymer Chemistry article?

This article is a joint work between the group of Ken B. Wagener in Gainesville, Florida and of the Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research in Mainz, Germany. This work is an excellent example of an international collaboration using synergistic effects from two groups. We combined herein the experience of synthesizing “precise polymers” from Gainesville with our experience in fuel cell membranes and in the polymerization of phosphonated monomers. A highly defined polymer with excellent proton conductivity was the outcome.

Why did you choose Polymer Chemistry to publish your work? (DOI:10.1039/C2PY20886E)

Polymer Chemistry is an excellent journal, being extremely fast, for example, our article became accepted within a very few days.

In which upcoming conferences may our readers meet you?

The next conference will be in Asilomar in California at a workshop about fuel cells (February, 23-27) and the EPF conference in Pisa in summer (June, 16-21).

How do you spend your spare times?

Mainly with my family, playing with my two children, reading (preferably history books or biographies of political or historical persons) or travelling.

Which profession would you choose if you were not a scientist?

I am really happy with my present job. Even when I studied economy for some time in parallel, I found chemistry always fascinating. Perhaps in younger years to become a pilot would have been a real option.

Cyrille Boyer is a guest web-writer for Polymer Chemistry. He is currently a Senior Lecturer and an ARC-Future Fellow at the Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (Australia)).

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IPST2013 Conference: 7th-10th October 2013 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Taking the opportunity of a very successful meeting on Innovation in Polymer Science and Technology 2011 (IPST2011) in Bali, Indonesia, organised by the Indonesian Polymer Association (HPI) under the auspices of Asian Polymer Association (APA), it is our great honor to organise and hold the coming IPST2013 meeting on October 7 – 10, 2013  in Yogyakarta, Indonesia under the auspices of Federation of Asian Polymer Societies (FAPS).

In IPST2013, we are planning to organise 5 Microsymposia on:

(1) Nanostructure, Composites and Polymer Physics
(2) Rubber Process and Technology
(3) Polymers for Medical and Pharmacy Applications
(4) Polymer Technology in New and Renewable Energy
(5) Green and Degradable Polymers covering the topic of Nanostructure Polymers, Blends and Composites; Polymer Technology in New and Renewable Energy; Fiber and Fibrous Polymer Materials; Smart and Functionalized Polymers; Advanced Synthesis Polymers; Green, Sustainable and Bio-polymers.

With a very unique combination of ancient temples of UNESCO World Heritage such as Borobudur and Prambanan, strong traditions, classical and contemporary Javanese cultures, natural forces and also history on Indonesia’s war of independent make Yogyakarta a very worthwhile place to be visited and hosting IPST2013, the International Polymer Conference and Exhibition.

For more details visit the Conference website – http://hpi-polimer.org/ipst-2013

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Paper of the week: High-throughput synthesis of cyclodextrin-based polyurethanes

A wide range of pharmaceuticals that are not completely metabolized in humans or animals are discharged into aquatic environments through a variety of sources including homes, hospitals, pharmaceutical manufactures, and animal feeding operations. The potential hazard of pharmaceuticals in waters depends on their persistence and the biological activity of their degradation by-products; some of them have been demonstrated to be harmful not only to ecosystems but also to human health. Consequently, there is a need for their detection at trace levels and efficient removal from waters. Both applications require sorbents with enhanced binding properties of the targeted pharmaceuticals.

Graphical abstract: Design and high-throughput synthesis of cyclodextrin-based polyurethanes with enhanced molecular recognition properties

In oder to develop materials with recognition properties, Shahgaldian used cyclodextrins (CDs) for their known ability to include hydrophobic drugs into their cavity. Nevertheless, as the range of molecules known to form inclusion complexes with CDs is fairly broad, one can expect that the produced polymers will exhibit a lack of selectivity. With this in mind, 51 water-insoluble cyclodextrin-based polyurethanes were synthesized using a high-throughput approach. The selective molecular recognition properties of the produced polyurethanes were investigated by measuring their capability to bind ten selected compounds from aqueous solutions. Interestingly, the results indicated that the influence of different CDs on the selective molecular recognition properties was fairly limited. It was demonstrated that the selective molecular recognition properties can be suitably designed and optimized by tuning their compositions and successfully applied for selective binding of targets under purely aqueous conditions.

Design and high-throughput synthesis of cyclodextrin-based polyurethanes with enhanced molecular recognition properties by Pu Xiao , Philippe F.-X. Corvini , Yves Dudal and Patrick Shahgaldian, Polym. Chem., 2013, 4, 942-946.

Julien Nicolas is a guest web-writer for Polymer Chemistry. He currently works at Univ. Paris-Sud (FR) as a CNRS researcher.

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Introducing Polymer Chemistry Associate Editor Ben Zhong Tang

Ben Zhong Tang is Stephen Kam Chuen Cheong Professor of Science at The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST). His research interests include polymer chemistry, materials science, and biomedical engineering. He received B.S. degree from South China University of Technology and Ph.D. degree from Kyoto University and conducted postdoctoral research at University of Toronto. He joined HKUST as an assistant professor in 1994 and was promoted to chair professor in 2008. He was elected to the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2009. He is listed by Institute for Scientific Information as a “Most Cited Scientist”. He received a Natural Science Award from Chinese Government and a Senior Research Fellowship from Croucher Foundation in 2007. He is serving as a science news contributor to Noteworthy Chemistry (ACS), Associate Editor of Polymer Chemistry (RSC) and Editor-in-Chief of RSC Polymer Chemistry Series and is sitting in the editorial advisory boards of a dozen of research journals.

His recent papers include:

Metal-free click polymerizations of activated azide and alkynes
Polym. Chem., 2013, Advance Article

Mesogen jacketed liquid crystalline polyacetylene containing triphenylene discogen: synthesis and phase structure
Polym. Chem., 2013, Advance Article

Stoichiometric imbalance-promoted synthesis of polymers containing highly substituted naphthalenes: rhodium-catalyzed oxidative polycoupling of arylboronic acids and internal diynes
Polym. Chem., 2013, Advance Article

Facile synthesis of soluble nonlinear polymers with glycogen-like structures and functional properties from “simple” acrylic monomers
Polym. Chem., 2013,4, 95-105

Functional polyacetylenes: hybrids with carbon nanotubes
Polym. Chem., 2013,4, 211-223

Hyperbranched conjugated poly(tetraphenylethene): synthesis, aggregation-induced emission, fluorescent photopatterning, optical limiting and explosive detection
Polym. Chem., 2012,3, 1481-1489

Follow the latest journal news on Twitter @PolymChem or go to our Facebook page.

Ben Zhong Tang is Stephen Kam Chuen Cheong Professor of Science at The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST). His research interests include polymer chemistry, materials science, and biomedical engineering. He received B.S. degree from South China University of Technology and Ph.D. degree from Kyoto University and conducted postdoctoral research at University of Toronto. He joined HKUST as an assistant professor in 1994 and was promoted to chair professor in 2008. He was elected to the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2009. He is listed by Institute for Scientific Information as a “Most Cited Scientist”. He received a Natural Science Award from Chinese Government and a Senior Research Fellowship from Croucher Foundation in 2007. He is serving as a science news contributor to Noteworthy Chemistry (ACS), Associate Editor of Polymer Chemistry (RSC) and Editor-in-Chief of RSC Polymer Chemistry Series and is sitting in the editorial advisory boards of a dozen of research journals.
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