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Sustainable iron catalyst for clean hydrogenations

Iron usually rusts in the presence of water, however, the protective polymers developed by Yasuhiro Uozumi and Audrey Moores prevent the rusting process, allowing iron to act as an efficient and selective catalyst for hydrogenation with water as the solvent © Shutterstock

An international team of chemists has reported a clean and green way to perform one of the most important industrial reactions for pharmaceutical and petrochemical synthesis.

Platinum group metals are currently the catalysts of choice for hydrogenations due to their high activity. However, they are also expensive, toxic and very rare. Now, in a joint project between McGill University, Canada, and the RIKEN Institute, Japan, a polymer supported iron catalyst has demonstrated excellent performance as a hydrogenation catalyst in the most environmentally-friendly of reaction mediums – water.

Read what Audrey Moores and Jianliang Xiao had to say about the research in the Chemistry World story!

Read the original research published in Green Chemistry:

Highly efficient iron(0) nanoparticle-catalyzed hydrogenation in water in flow, Reuben Hudson, Go Hamasaka, Takao Osako, Yoichi M. A. Yamada, Chao-Jun Li, Yasuhiro Uozumi and Audrey Moores, Green Chem., 2013, DOI: 10.1039/C3GC40789F

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17th Annual Green Chemistry & Engineering Conference

The 17th Annual Green Chemistry & Engineering Conference was held June 18­–20, 2013 in Bethesda, Maryland, USA. The theme of the conference, which was organized by the ACS Green Chemistry Institute, was “Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in the 21st Century”. The conference increased its attendance over last year, with almost 500 registrants. The conference offered 30 technical sessions, and 2 poster sessions, along with 3 keynote addresses. Lectures in the extensive program included those by Green Chemistry Editorial Board member Dr. Peter Dunn of Pfizer and Advisory Board members Dr. Rinus Broxterman of DSM, Dr. Michael Kopach of Eli Lilly and Company, and Professor Richard Wool of the University of Delaware.

The first keynote speaker was Milton Hearn of Monash University, who presented a talk entitled “Green Chemistry—Time for a Transition?” In his lecture, Professor Hearn highlighted how green chemistry tools are a crucial part of addressing global challenges such as increasing energy consumption and threats to the global food supply.

The second keynote speaker was Michael Pcolinski of BASF Corporation, who presented a lecture on “Creating Chemistry for a Sustainable Future”. Dr. Pcolinski spoke of BASF’s and the wider chemical industry’s efforts to increase the sustainability of their business activities. He described analysis tools developed at BASF to estimate the ecological efficiency, social impact, and sustainability of potential projects.

The third keynote speaker was James Hutchison of the University of Oregon, who presented a talk entitled “Greener Nanoscience: Advancing sustainable Solutions Through Molecular Level Design”. Professor Hutchison described efforts in his lab to create proactive approaches to reduce the hazards of and environmental exposure to nanomaterials. To address this goal, his lab is searching for ways to make the synthesis of nanoparticles greener, elucidate design principles for safer nanomaterials, and create nano-enabled products that may help reduce waste in consumer products. He also highlighted the development of methods to identify hazards early in the nanoparticle development process, work carried out in collaboration with Professor Robert Tanguay of Oregon State University. Professor Tanguay described this need in a recent Green Chemistry Review.

Among many other exciting topics, other broad themes of the conference included efforts in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries to make their activities more sustainable. For example, Dr. Leanna Shuster presented work at GSK on development of a guide to reduce the environmental impact of reagents used by their synthetic chemists, which was also recently presented in a Green Chemistry article (DOI: 10.1039/c3gc40225h). In addition, the effort to bring together the toxicology and green chemistry communities to design safer materials was also a hot topic. A session organized by Dr. Karen O’Brien of Advancing Green Chemistry and Dr. John Peterson Myers of Environmental Health Sciences included several speakers who are also authors on a recent Green Chemistry paper (DOI: 10.1039/c2gc35055f) describing TiPED, a tool for chemists that can  identify molecules that may disrupt the endocrine system early in the chemical development process.

All in all, this year’s Green Chemistry & Engineering Conference was a great success, bringing together scientists from diverse backgrounds in industry, academia, government, and non-governmental organizations to address challenges of sustainability and environmental and health challenges in the 21st century and beyond.

By Jennifer Griffiths

See page 2 for Albert Matlack’s view on the Conference…

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The 2nd International Symposium on Green Chemistry Renewable Carbon and Eco-Efficient Processes (ISGC2)

From left to right: Sarah Ruthven, Professor Tao Zhang, Cinthia Mena Duran and Professor Walter Leitner

The 2nd International Symposium on Green Chemistry Renewable Carbon and Eco-Efficient Processes (ISGC2) was held from May 21–24th in La Rochelle, France. The conference aimed to cover the crucial problems arising from the conversion of renewable carbon and also the recent advances in the search of innovative processes for the conversion of biomass and wastes with high eco-efficiency.

The speakers included Green Chemistry Editorial Board members Professors Walter Leitner, Chao-Jun Li, Paul Anastas and Shu Kobayashi, and Advisory Board members Professors James Clark, Avelino Corma and Philip Jessop.

Professor Walter Leitner, Chair of the Green Chemistry Editorial Board, and Sarah Ruthven, Editor of Green Chemistry, presented the Green Chemistry sponsored poster prizes. The winners were Cinthia Mena Duran for her poster ‘Applications of Starbons’ and Guangyi Li for the poster ‘Synthesis of renewable diesel with 2-methylfuran and hydroxyacetone’. Congratulations to Cinthia and Guangyi on receiving these prizes.

Green Chemistry is pleased to be publishing a themed issue containing selected papers from the ISGC2 conference, which will be appearing later this year.

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The 10th Congress on Catalysis Applied to Fine Chemicals

The 10th Congress on Catalysis Applied to Fine Chemicals will be held in Turku, Finland on June 16–19th. The congress is devoted to the application of any type of catalyst (homogeneous, heterogeneous, enzymatic) to the synthesis of fine chemicals, with special emphasis on the selectivity issues. The aim is to bring together researchers from both academia and industry, working in the synthesis of fine chemicals with various catalysts, to share their expertise in the field as a way to open new collaborations that help to solve the forthcoming problems in the chemical industry, and to implement more sustainable synthetic methods based on catalytic processes. Click here to register today!

Plenary Lectures include:

Kurt Faber, University of Graz
 • Adding Value: Biocatalytic Carboxylation of Aromatics and Asymmetric Hydration of Alkenes

David Milstein, The Weizmann Institute of Science
 • Design of Sustainable Catalytic Reactions Based on Cooperative Pincer Systems

Peter McBreen, Université Laval
 • Single-Diastereomer Studies of Enantioselective Reactions on Metal Surfaces

Aurel Wolf, Bayer Technology Services GmbH
 • CO2 as C1 Building Unit for Chemicals and Polymers

Angelo Vaccari, University of Bologna
 • Examples of Environmentally Friendly Applications of the  Heterogeneous Catalysis  in Fine Chemistry

Dr. Heikki Hassila, Pharmatory Oy, Oulu Finland
 • Enzymatic Tools for Preparation of Chiral APIs and Key Building Blocks

Deputy Editor Anna Simpson will be attending CAFC10, if you would like to meet her there, please email green-rsc@rsc.org

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17th Annual Green Chemistry & Engineering Conference – Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in the 21st Century

The ACS Green Chemistry Institute®’s Green Chemistry & Engineering Conference (GC&E) will be held on the 18–20 June 2013 in North Bethesda, Maryland, just outside of Washington DC. This event is an opportunity for scientists, businesses, students and educators, and advocates to broaden their understanding of green chemistry and engineering while building valuable connections with leaders in this growing field.

GC&E features three days of programming including world-renowned speakers, three poster sessions and more than 30 technical sessions on subjects such as designing safer chemicals and products, green chemistry education, and new business through green chemistry innovations.

Conference Highlights

• Daily Keynotes Speakers:  There will be a daily keynote presentation from Dr. Milton Hearn, Associate-Director, Green Chemical Futures-Industry; Dr. Michael J. Pcolinski, Vice President of Innovation & Technology, BASF Corporation; and Dr. Jim Hutchison, Professor of Chemistry, University of Oregon.

GC&E Student Workshop: This pre-conference workshop will be Monday, 17 June 2013 and is free to students registered for the conference. Lead by ACS Green Chemistry Institute® Director, Dr. David Constable, and other experts, this workshop will be a fast pasted, interactive series of sessions covering each of the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry.

ACS Careers Workshop: On Wednesday, 19 June 2013, expert consultants from ACS Careers will conduct a 4-hour workshop to help attendees accelerate professional development. Learn more about planning and résumé preparation, maintaining an effective job search, reviewing employment trends, and enhancing professional skills.

Online Session: A special session “Global Supplies for Chemical Feedstocks in the 21st Century” will be held on Tuesday, 18 June 2013 at 7:00 p.m. EDT (–4 GMT) and streamed live online for free to viewers around the world.

The Green Expo: The expo features vendors from business, government, and academia. Explore some of the 21st Century’s latest technology, resources, and marketplace opportunities.

For more information and to register, please visit the website www.gcande.org.

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Green Chemistry issue 5 now available online!

Issue 5 of Green Chemistry is now available to read online.

The front cover (left) this month features work by Etienne Grau and Stefan Mecking from Konstanz, Germany. In their work, caryophyllene and humulene, renewable sesquiterpenes from clove oil, were subject to metathesis polymerization to yield non-crosslinked linear polymers with unique microstructures and low glass transition temperatures.

Read the research: Polyterpenes by ring opening metathesis polymerization of caryophyllene and humulene, E. Grau and S. Mecking, Green Chem., 2013, 15, 1112–1115, DOI: c3gc40300a

The inside front cover (right) this month features work by Thomas-Xavier Métro, Frédéric Lamaty and co-workers from Montpellier, France. Their paper describes an original liquid-assisted ball-milling methodology for peptide bond synthesis – avoiding toxic solvents and reactants – and its application to the synthesis of Leu-enkephalin.

Read the research: Environmentally benign peptide synthesis using liquid-assisted ball-milling: application to the synthesis of Leu-enkephalin, J. Bonnamour, T.-X. Métro, J. Martinez and F. Lamaty, Green Chem., 2013, 15, 1116–1120, DOI: c3gc40302e

Both of these articles are free to access for 6 weeks!

Keep up-to-date with the latest content in Green Chemistry by registering for our free table of contents alerts.

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Sieving silica sieves from biomass ash

Burning biomass for heat and power could produce as much as 2000 TWh by 2020, which would produce 4–15.6 million tonnes of waste ash, per year, in Europe alone. To address the problem of what to do with all this waste, scientists in the UK have developed a method to convert this ash into mesoporous silica.

Although some of the waste ash produced from the combustion of biomass is currently used in construction, most of it ends up in landfill. Therefore, extracting alkali silicates, which can be used in cement, detergents, catalysts and catalyst supports, is one way of reusing the potentially huge quantities of ash due to be produced in the future.

The team, led by Duncan Maquarrie at the University of York, developed an efficient route for extracting the silicates by forming alkali silicate solutions. The silicate solutions were converted into the porous silica, MCM-41, a useful catalyst and molecular sieve.

Read what Duncan Macquarrie has to say about the research in Chemistry World.

Read the original research published in Green Chemistry:

Alkali silicates and structured mesoporous silicas from biomass power station wastes: the emergence of bio-MCMs, J. R. Dodson,  E. C. Cooper,  A. J. Hunt,  A. Matharu,  J. Cole,  A. Minihan,  J. H. Clark and D. J. Macquarrie, Green Chem., 2013, DOI: 10.1039/C3GC40324F

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Selective benzene hydrogenation using Ru catalysts

Scientists from Bejing, China, have developed a highly selective supported Ru catalyst for the hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene – a compound which is very useful for nylon production. Until now, the Ru based catalysts used for this transformation deliver low selectivity and yield of the desired partial hydrogenation product, and often the use of additives is necessary. However, in this work by Buxing Han and co-workers, cyclohexene yields of 56% were achieved in water without the use of additives.

The selective hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene is challenging, as it is significantly more thermodynamically favorable for cyclohexane to be the primary product of the reaction. By using water as the reaction medium it is proposed that the hydrogenation of cyclohexene to cyclohexane is slowed because benezene is more soluable than cyclohexene in water under these conditions. This is also aided by the hydroxyl groups on the catalyst surface which disfavour the adsorption of cyclohexene onto the catalyst surface, thus preventing further hydrogenation. Synergistic effects between the zinc and zirconium in the catalyst support also play a crucial role in the efficiency and selectivity of the catalyst used in this work.

Read the full article for free until 22nd April by following the link below.

Highly selective benzene hydrogenation to cyclohexene over supported Ru catalyst without additives, Huizhen Liu, Tao Jiang, Buxing Han, Shuguang Liang, Weitao Wang, Tianbin Wu and Guanying Yang, Green Chem., 2011, DOI:10.1039/c0gc00959h

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Solvent selection guide for medicinal chemists

Scientists at GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) have recently published a revised “solvent selection guide” which is designed to aid the decision-making process associated with choosing a solvent for a chemical transformation. The original solvent selection guide published in 1998 assessed the use of 47 solvents in organic chemistry reactions. The updated version of the solvent selection guide now includes 110 solvents (each with a life cycle score), thus providing a more comprehensive comparative and relative assessment of the solvents.

The guide also contains information on solvent recycling, environmental impact, health and flammability issues amongst others. The broad range of issues covered in the guide will enable scientists to make an objective decision on which solvents to use based on multiple paramenters – this will help truly assess which solvent is the most sustainable for a particular procedure.

Click the link below to read the article in full – free access until 21st April

Expanding GSK’s solvent selection guide – embedding sustainability into solvent selection starting at medicinal chemistry

Richard K. Henderson, Concepcion Jimenez-Gonzalez, David J. C. Constable, Sarah R. Alston, Graham G. A. Inglis, Gail Fisher, James Sherwood, Steve P. Binks and Alan D. Curzons, Green Chem., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/c0gc00918k

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Changing the properties of biocompatible polymers

Polymer scientists from Aachen, Germany, have developed a novel and green method to produce biocompatible polyesters using Novozyme 435 as the catalyst.

The polyester poly(pentadecalactone) (PPDL) investigated in this work is a non-toxic, highly crystalline and hydrophobic material – similar to polyethylene. By copolymerizing pentadecalactone with functional e-caprolactones and macrolactones containing C=C double bonds, epoxide rings and amide functionalities, it was found that the properties of PPDL could be tuned and crystallinity was reduced – increasing the biocompatibility of the material which is necessary for applications in drug-delivery devices or scaffolds.

Using the Novozyme 435 enzyme catalyst, copolymerization of PDL with two 7-membered lactones leads to a near quantitative monomer conversion.

To find out more, click the link below to read the Green Chemistry article in full – free to access until 21st March 2011.

Tailor-made polyesters based on pentadecalactone via enzymatic catalysis by C. Vaida, H. Keul and M. Moeller
DOI: 10.1039/C1GC15044H

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