Author Archive

Hot review: Stimuli-responsive polymers on nano-curved surfaces

A Hot Review from Tagliazucchi and Szleifer discussing macromolecular layers on nano-curved surfaces. Topics include the fast-growing field of polymer- and polyelectrolyte-modified nanopores and nanochannels, and the practical implications of introducing soft materials into nanofluidic devices.

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Stimuli-responsive polymers grafted to nanopores and other nano-curved surfaces: structure, chemical equilibrium and transport
Mario Tagliazucchi and Igal Szleifer
Soft Matter, 2012, 8, DOI: 10.1039/C2SM25777G

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Micro-structure, setting and aging of cement: from soft matter physics to sustainable materials

Soft Matter will be publishing a web- theme in collaboration with the the ‘Micro-structure, setting and aging of cement: from soft matter physics to sustainable materials’ conference being held this week.

From 5 to 8 % of the global human CO2 production comes from the production of cement, so research on concrete and cement plays a crucial role for sustainable development. As 60% of CO2 emissions from cement production come from the chemical dissociation of calcium carbonate, the forefront of industrial and academic research is in chemical modifications of cement. It is becoming increasingly clear that no progress is really possible without understanding how the chemical modification of cement can affect its structure, cohesion and mechanics, from the nano-scale components of the material up to the microscale. From the early stages to the onset of setting, cement is very much a soft matter with structural heterogeneity and complexity on multiple length and timescales akin to other soft glassy materials. Bringing together cement researchers with soft matter scientists and glasses physicists, the web theme aims to open a new interdisciplinary perspective on the problem.
For more information, please e-mail us: softmatter-rsc@rsc.org.

More information below

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Spider silk and its outstanding mechanical properties

Spider silk has outstanding mechanical properties, and the study of this biomaterial can lead to the development of synthetic high performance fibers. However, there is still limited knowledge of how the structure of silk affects the mechanical properties.

Plaza and co-workers studied the microstructural changes of supercontracted major ampullate silk fibres during deformation, in our first Hot Paper. Two distinct regimes in the microstructural evolution were identified.

Flagelliform (Flag) silk was studied in our second Hot Paper by Lefèvre and Pézolet. Raman spectromicroscopy was used to characterize Flag silk fibers spun by three orb-weaving spiders in their native state. The structural data obtained provides a molecular basis for the tensile properties of these fibers.

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Relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties in spider silk fibers: identification of two regimes in the microstructural changes
Gustavo R. Plaza,  José Pérez-Rigueiro,  Christian Riekel,  G. Belén Perea,  Fernando Agulló-Rueda,  Manfred Burghammer,  Gustavo V. Guinea and Manuel Elices
Soft Matter, 2012, 8, 6015-6026, DOI: 10.1039/C2SM25446H

Unexpected β-sheets and molecular orientation in flagelliform spider silk as revealed by Raman spectromicroscopy
Thierry Lefèvre and Michel Pézolet
Soft Matter, 2012, 8, 6350-6357, DOI: 10.1039/C2SM25351H

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Hot paper: Impurities in colloidal polycrystals

The crystallization of a colloidal system in the presence of secondary nanoparticles is studied in this Hot Paper. This system acts as a model for the affect of impurities in crystallization processes, which are important in a number of applications. A novel strategy for the texture control of colloidal polycrystals, based on the addition of small amounts of nanoparticles (NPs) as dopants to a solidifying matrix is presented. The experiments were successfully reproduced with a variety of NPs of different kinds, demonstrating the robustness of the model.

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Grain refinement and partitioning of impurities in the grain boundaries of a colloidal polycrystal
Neda Ghofraniha,  Elisa Tamborini,  Julian Oberdisse,  Luca Cipelletti and Laurence Ramos
Soft Matter, 2012, 8, DOI: 10.1039/C2SM25488C

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Soft Matter paper in the Italian news

A Soft Matter paper by Roberto Piazza and co-workers has been highlighted on a number of Italian news-sites, ANSA, Sole 24 Ore and Galileo.

The paper combines experimental and theoretical studies on what buoyancy actually is, and its relation to the Archimedes’ principle.

What buoyancy really is. A generalized Archimedes’ principle for sedimentation and ultracentrifugation
Roberto Piazza,  Stefano Buzzaccaro,  Eleonora Secchi and Alberto Parola
Soft Matter, 2012, 8, DOI: 10.1039/C2SM26120K

An excerpt of the piece by the Italian on-line magazine, Galileo

This is the way I rewrote Archimedes’ Principle
Sandro Iannaccone | Published June 28, 2012 13:55

It is the Archimedes’ Principle: a body immersed in a fluid receives an upward thrust equal to the weight of the volume of fluid displaced. A definition that all children learn from from school, established since twenty-three centuries. Yet, this time they are the researchers at Politecnico of Milan to proclaim the famous “Eureka!”: their studies have shown that in some cases the principle, in its classical formulation, is not in agreement with the experimental results. The scientists then set out a more general version of this law of physics, presented in this interview with Roberto Piazza, Director of the Laboratory Soft Matter of Politecnico, author of “Soft Matter, the stuff that dreams are made of” (Springer, 2011) and, together with Alberto Parola of the University of Insubria, of this work published in “Soft Matter”.

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Hot Review: Volume of polymer gels coupled to deformation

Polymer gels are soft solids with thermodynamically semi-open features which enables the solvents to flow in and out of the gels. The gel volume, therefore, can be coupled to other types of mechanical stimulus such as solvent flow and centrifugal force. This Hot Review focuses on experimental and theoretical studies on a rich variety of phenomena caused by the strain-driven volume change of gels.

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Volume of polymer gels coupled to deformation
Kenji Urayama and Toshikazu Takigawa
Soft Matter, 2012, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C2SM25359C

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What makes research biomimetic, bioinspired or biokleptic?

Sarah Staniland and co-workers discuss the meaning of the term ‘biomimetic’, and how it differs or overlaps between disciplines. How does a physicist define biomimetics, compared to a biologist? The irridescence of butterfly wings to tiny magnetic organisms are all discussed in this interesting and thoughtful Opinion piece.

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Innovation through imitation: biomimetic, bioinspired and biokleptic research
Andrea E. Rawlings,  Jonathan P. Bramble and Sarah S. Staniland
Soft Matter, 2012, 8, 2675-2679, DOI: 10.1039/C2SM25385B

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Soft Matter in the news: ‘Magnetic emulsions’ could clean up oil spills

A Soft Matter paper published today has been highlighted by the BBC on their website. The paper, by Julian Eastoe and co-workers, has expanded on a previous study to make magnetically responsive emulsions with magnetic surfactant stabilisers.

As the team says, compared to nanoparticle-stabilised magnetic emulsions, a major advantage of these magnetic surfactants is the simple synthesis and purification, offering new possibilities for molecular design of specialist surfactants. For example, replacing the surfactant alkyl tails with fluorocarbons could result in supercritical CO2-compatible magnetic responsive emulsions for oil and gas field flooding.

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Magnetic emulsions with responsive surfactants
Paul Brown,  Craig P. Butts,  Jing Cheng,  Julian Eastoe,  Christopher A. Russell and Gregory N. Smith
Soft Matter, 2012, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C2SM26077H

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Highlight on aqueous two-phase polymer solution-loaded vesicles

This Hot Highlight describes recent developments in lipid vesicles encapsulating aqueous two-phase polymer solutions (ATPS). Aqueous phase separation in the closed environment of a lipid vesicles can be a model system for biological microcompartments within a cell. Studying ATPS-loaded vesicles may lead to a deeper understanding of membrane behavior and membrane processes in vivo.

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Lipid membranes in contact with aqueous phases of polymer solutions
Rumiana Dimova and Reinhard Lipowsky
Soft Matter, 2012, 8, 2409-2415, DOI: 10.1039/C2SM25261A

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Announcing Patrick Doyle as the 2012 Soft Matter Lectureship recipient

The Soft Matter Editorial Board have chosen Professor Patrick Doyle as the recipient of this year’s Soft Matter Lectureship. This annual Lectureship was established by the journal in 2009 to honour a younger scientist who has made a significant contribution to the soft matter field. We would like to thank everyone who nominated someone – there was an excellent group of candidates this year  – and contratulate Professor Doyle.

Patrick S. Doyle is Professor of Chemical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.  Doyle’s research focuses on fundamental and applied topics in soft matter.  Much of his research is in the realms of micro/nanofluidic technologies, DNA biophysics, and rheology. By combining theory, simulation and experiments, he has shed new light on the polymer dynamics of DNA in highly confined geometries and under complex electric fields. His group has also invented microfluidic technologies to produce highly structured hydrogel microparticles for both fundamental colloidal studies and applications, such as multiplexed biomolecule sensing, drug delivery and catalysis.

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