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Green Chemistry issue 6 – now online!

The latest issue of Green Chemistry is now available online.

The front cover of this issue features work by João Coutinho and colleagues from the University of Aveiro, Portugal, who report investigations into the activity of the commercial enzyme Candida antarctica lipase B (CaLB) in aqueous solutions of ionic liquid.  The group observed that it was possible to induce superactivity in CaLB by using a long chain ionic liquid, 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride.  This increase in activity did not result from changes in the reaction mechanism or in the structure of the enzyme induced by the ionic liquid.  Instead, this phenomenon may be explained by the formation of microemulsions due to self-aggregation of the ionic liquid chain. 

Ionic liquids microemulsions: the key to Candida antarcticalipase B superactivity, Sónia P. M. Ventura, Luísa D. F. Santos, Jorge A. Saraiva and João A. P. Coutinho, Green Chem., 2012, 14, 1620-1625

The inside front cover of this issue highlights work by Alexis Bell and colleagues from the University of California, Berkeley, USA, who have developed a low energy intensive process for the production of diesel fuels from 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) and D-(–)-fructose.  Alcoholic solutions of these chemicals in the presence of solid acid catalysts produced a variety of potential bio-diesel candidates, with Amberlyst-15 and Dowex DR2030 catalysts showing exceptional reactivity and selectivity.  The distribution of products could be altered by varying the reaction conditions, i.e.by raising or lowering the reaction temperature.  Metal catalysed hydrogenation of HMF using platinum gave exclusive selectivity for reduction of the carbonyl functionality of HMF. 

Etherification and reductive etherification of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural: 5-(alkoxymethyl)furfurals and 2,5-bis(alkoxymethyl)furans as potential bio-diesel candidates, Madhesan Balakrishnan, Eric R. Sacia and Alexis T. Bell, Green Chem., 2012, 14, 1626-1634

These articles are free to access for 6 weeks!

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Membrane technologies in sustainable chemistry

Membranes and membrane technologies are quickly finding applications in sustainable chemical processes.  These range from easy separation of products from reaction mixtures and purification of solvents, to the recovery of reagents or catalysts from reaction mixtures for reuse. 

Green Chemistry is an excellent forum for work in this field and a selection of recent high quality articles has been collated below.  These articles are all free to access until the 25th June 2012, so why not take a look…

Keep up-to-date with the latest reviews and primary research in this field by registering for our e-alerts today!

High performance membranes based on ionic liquid polymers for CO2 separation from the flue gas, Pei Li, D. R. Paul and Tai-Shung Chung, Green Chem., 2012, 14, 1052-1063

Direct transformation of ethanol into ethyl acetate through catalytic membranes containing Pd or Pd-Zn: comparison with conventional supported catalysts, Adriana Bonilla Sánchez, Narcís Homs, Sylvain Miachon, Jean-Alain Dalmon, José Luis G. Fierro and Pilar Ramírez de la Piscina, Green Chem., 2011, 13, 2569-2575

Enzyme immobilization on/in polymeric membranes: status, challenges and perspectives in biocatalytic membrane reactors (BMRs), Peter Jochems, Yamini Satyawali, Ludo Diels and Winnie Dejonghe, Green Chem., 2011, 13, 1609-1623

Environmentally friendly route for the preparation of solvent resistant polyimide nanofiltration membranes, Iwona Soroko, Yogesh Bhole and Andrew Guy Livingston, Green Chem., 2011, 13, 162-168

Continuous biocatalytic synthesis of (R)-2-octanol with integrated product separation, Christina Kohlmann, Susanne Leuchs, Lasse Greiner and Walter Leitner, Green Chem., 2011, 13, 1430-1436

Sustainable recovery of pure natural vanillin from fermentation media in a single pervaporation step, Carla Brazinha, Dalje S. Barbosa and João G. Crespo, Green Chem., 2011, 13, 2197-2203

Recent advances in the recycling of homogeneous catalysts using membrane separation, Michèle Janssen, Christian Müller and Dieter Vogt, Green Chem., 2011, 13, 2247-2257

Performance of solvent resistant nanofiltration membranes for purification of residual solvent in the pharmaceutical industry: experiments and simulation, Siavash Darvishmanesh, Loghman Firoozpour, Johan Vanneste, Patricia Luis, Jan Degrève and Bart Van der Bruggen, Green Chem., 2011, 13, 3476-3483

Challenges for recycling ionic liquids by using pressure driven membrane processes, Kurt Haerens, Stephanie Van Deuren, Edward Matthijs and Bart Van der Bruggen, Green Chem., 2010, 12, 2182-2188

Product recovery from ionic liquids by solvent-resistant nanofiltration: application to ozonation of acetals and methyl oleate, Charlie Van Doorslaer, Daan Glas, Annelies Peeters, Angels Cano Odena, Ivo Vankelecom, Koen Binnemans, Pascal Mertens and Dirk De Vos, Green Chem., 2010, 12, 1726-1733

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Meet our Authors: James Mack

James Mack is an Associate Professor of Chemistry at the University of Cincinnati, USA.  His current research is in the development of environmentally benign organic reactions and in particular mechano- or ball milling chemistry.  James took a few moments to speak to Green Chemistry

 Who or what initially inspired you to become a chemist?

 My parents bought me a chemistry set in grade school and I played with the set which included small experiments. I became more interested in high school chemistry. However, I knew when I took an organic chemistry sophomore year in college, that I would pursue a career in the field.

What has been the motivation behind your recent research?

When I was in graduate school I went to a seminar on Green Chemistry and thought there must be a better way to make more environmentally benign reactions. Also, chemistry should make life better for the next generation and I can be part of that change.

What do you see as the main challenges facing research in this area?

One of the challenges is explaining to world leaders that the chemical methodologies we use today will drastically impact the future. We can’t consistently borrow against the future. For example, we use resources today and hope to find alternatives tomorrow; we need to find better ways to conserve the resources we have.

Where do you see the field of Green Chemistry being in 5 or 10 years time?

In 5 to 10 years, the field will grow tremendously because students are more environmentally conscious than I was in my twenties. Green chemistry and protecting the environment is embedded in the social consciousness of today’s youth.

And finally…

If you could not be a scientist, but could be anything else, what would you be?

If I couldn’t be a chemist, my dream job would be to become the General Manager of the Boston Celtics (NBA basketball team). After all, it’s a green team! That would be magical and certainly a dream comes true! I also love to debate; therefore, pursuing a law degree would have been another great career choice.

Take a look a couple of James’ recent articles in Green Chemistryfree to access until the 19th June 2012:

Investigating the formation of dialkyl carbonates using high speed ball milling, Daniel C. Waddell, Indre Thiel, Ashley Bunger, Dominique Nkata, Ashley Maloney, Tammara Clark, Brandon Smith and James Mack, Green Chem., 2011, 13, 3156-3161

A two-step ball milling method synthesizes and purifies α,β-unsaturated esters, William C. Shearouse, Chelsea M. Korte and James Mack, Green Chem., 2011, 13, 598-601

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Top ten most accessed articles in April

This month sees the following articles in Green Chemistry that are in the top ten most accessed:-

Cellulose nanowhisker aerogels
Lindy Heath and Wim Thielemans
Green Chem., 2010,12, 1448-1453, DOI: 10.1039/C0GC00035C

One-pot conversion of CO2 and glycerol to value-added products using propylene oxide as the coupling agent
Jun Ma, Jinliang Song, Huizhen Liu, Jinli Liu, Zhaofu Zhang, Tao Jiang, Honglei Fan and Buxing Han
Green Chem., 2012, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C2GC35150A

Catalytic conversion of biomass using solvents derived from lignin
Pooya Azadi, Ronald Carrasquillo-Flores, Yomaira J. Pagán-Torres, Elif I. Gürbüz, Ramin Farnood and James A. Dumesic
Green Chem., 2012, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C2GC35203F

A direct synthesis of 5-alkoxymethylfurfural ethers from fructose via sulfonic acid-functionalized ionic liquids
George A. Kraus and Tezcan Guney
Green Chem., 2012, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C2GC35175G

A one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of sulfur and nitrogen doped carbon aerogels with enhanced electrocatalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction
Stephanie-Angelika Wohlgemuth, Robin Jeremy White, Marc-Georg Willinger, Maria-Magdalena Titirici and Markus Antonietti
Green Chem., 2012,14, 1515-1523, DOI: 10.1039/C2GC35309A

Highly-efficient conversion of glycerol to solketal over heterogeneous Lewis acid catalysts
Li Li, Tamás I. Korányi, Bert F. Sels and Paolo P. Pescarmona
Green Chem., 2012, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C2GC16619D

Transition metal based catalysts in the aerobic oxidation of alcohols
Camilla Parmeggiani and Francesca Cardona
Green Chem., 2012, 14, 547-564, DOI: 10.1039/C2GC16344F

TBD catalysis with dimethyl carbonate: a fruitful and sustainable alliance
Hatice Mutlu, Johal Ruiz, Susanne C. Solleder and Michael A. R. Meier
Green Chem., 2012, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C2GC35191A

Solvent- and catalyst-free synthesis of new hydroxylated trisubstituted pyridines under microwave irradiation
Guodong Yin, Qiong Liu, Junrui Ma and Nengfang She
Green Chem., 2012, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C2GC35243E

Hydrolysis of chitosan to yield levulinic acid and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in water under microwave irradiation
Khaled W. Omari, Jessica E. Besaw and Francesca M. Kerton
Green Chem., 2012,14, 1480-1487, DOI: 10.1039/C2GC35048C

Why not take a look at the articles today and blog your thoughts and comments below.

Fancy submitting an article to Green Chemistry? Then why not submit to us today or alternatively email us your suggestions.

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Highly-efficient conversion of glycerol to solketal over heterogeneous Lewis acid catalysts

Several mesoporous substituted silicates were applied to the acetalization of acetone with glycerol to yield solketal.

The team of scientists led by Pablo Pescarmona from KU Leuven, Belgium, illustrate for the first time that mesoporous Lewis acid catalysts can be active for this reaction to produce solketal.  Solketal is a very valuable compound with direct applications as a fuel additive, surfactant and flavouring agent.  Of the catalysts tested, the catalyst which showed the highest conversion and turnover numbers was the novel Hf-TUD-1 material.  Along with two other materials, these catalysts gave superior results compared to a reference solid acid catalyst such as Ultrastable zeolite Y.  The active materials do not suffer from leaching and could be efficiently reused in consecutive catalytic cycles.

This article is free to access until the 12th June 2012!  Click on this link below to find out more…

Highly-efficient conversion of glycerol to solketal over heterogeneous Lewis acid catalysts, Li Li, Tamás I. Korányi, Bert F. Sels and Paolo P. Pescarmona, Green Chem., 2012, DOI: 10.1039/C2GC16619D

You may also be interested in these articles – free to access for 2 weeks:

Selective conversion of trioses to lactates over Lewis acid heterogeneous catalysts, Li Li,  Christophe Stroobants, Kaifeng LinPierre A. Jacobs, Bert F. Sels and Paolo P. Pescarmona, Green Chem., 2011, 13, 1175-1181

Zeolite-catalysed conversion of C3 sugars to alkyl lactates, Paolo P. Pescarmona, Kris P. F. Janssen, Chloë Delaet, Christophe Stroobants, Kristof Houthoofd, An Philippaerts, Chantal De Jonghe, Johan S. Paul, Pierre A. Jacobs and Bert F. Sels, Green Chem., 2010, 12, 1083-1089

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An environmentally friendlier approach to hydrometallurgy

Scientists from Belgium have developed an environmentally friendly route to separate cobalt from nickel, magnesium and calcium in chloride medium.

Koen Binnemans and colleagues from KU Leuven and Umicore, Belgium used undiluted phosphonium-based ionic liquids as the extractants with tri(hexyl)tetradecylphosphonium chloride (Cyphos IL 101) as the best ionic liquid tested in terms of commercial availability, separation characteristics and ease of handling.  The main advantage of their method is the fact that no organic diluents are required and thus volatile organic solvents can be avoided. The process enabled separation factors greater than 50 000 to be observed for cobalt/nickel separation.  In addition, the ionic liquid can easily be recovered and reused as extractant so there is potential for a continuous extraction process to be developed.

This article is free to access until the 6th June 2012!  Click on the link below to find out more…

An environmentally friendlier approach to hydrometallurgy: highly selective separation of cobalt from nickel by solvent extraction with undiluted phosphonium ionic liquids, Sil Wellens, Ben Thijs and Koen Binnemans, Green Chem., 2012, DOI: 10.1039/C2GC35246J

You may also be interested in this article too – free to access for 2 weeks:

Processing of metals and metal oxides using ionic liquids, Andrew P. Abbott, Gero Frisch, Jennifer Hartley and Karl S. Ryder, Green Chem., 2011, 13, 471-481

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Green Chemistry issue 5 – now online!

The latest issue of Green Chemistryissue 5 – is now published online.

The front cover of this issue features work by James Dumesic and co-workers from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.  In this paper, the authors report the selective hydrogenation of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using heterogeneous catalysts.  A variety of supported catalysts in monophasic and biphasic reactions systems were studied to determine the effects of the metal, support, solution phase acidity and solvent on the selectivity of the reaction.  The authors found that Ru supported on materials with high isoelectric points (e.g. ceria and γ-alumina) gave the highest yields.

The selective hydrogenation of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using heterogeneous catalysts, Ricardo Alamillo, Mark Tucker, Mei Chia, Yomaira Pagán-Torres and James Dumesic, Green Chem., 2012, 14, 1413-1419

The inside front cover of this issue highlights work by Klavs Jensen and Xiaoying Liu from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA, who report the direct oxidative amidation of aromatic aldehydes in a continuous flow microreactor system using aqueous hydrogen peroxide.  This method allows amides to be synthesized from secondary amines and aromatic aldehydes in a single operation under mild conditions within 15-40 mins.  The procedure does not require catalysts or promoting reagents.

Direct oxidative amidation of aromatic aldehydes using aqueous hydrogen peroxide in continuous flow microreactor systems, Xiaoying Liu and Klavs F. Jensen, Green Chem., 2012, 14, 1471-1474

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Top ten most accessed articles in March

This month sees the following articles in Green Chemistry that are in the top ten most accessed:-

Transition metal based catalysts in the aerobic oxidation of alcohols
Camilla Parmeggiani and Francesca Cardona
Green Chem., 2012, 14, 547-564, DOI: 10.1039/C2GC16344F

Synthesis and analytical applications of photoluminescent carbon nanodots
Pin-Che Hsu, Zih-Yu Shih, Chia-Hsin Lee and Huan-Tsung Chang
Green Chem., 2012, 14, 917-920 ,  DOI: 10.1039/C2GC16451E

A highly efficient Cu-catalyst system for N-arylation of azoles in water
Deping Wang, Fuxing Zhang, Daizhi Kuang, Jiangxi Yu and Junhua Li
Green Chem., 2012, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C2GC35077G

Catalytic conversion of biomass using solvents derived from lignin
Pooya Azadi, Ronald Carrasquillo-Flores, Yomaira J. Pagán-Torres, Elif I. Gürbüz, Ramin Farnood and James A. Dumesic
Green Chem., 2012, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C2GC35203F

The selective hydrogenation of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using heterogeneous catalysts
Ricardo Alamillo, Mark Tucker, Mei Chia, Yomaira Pagán-Torres and James Dumesic
Green Chem., 2012, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C2GC35039D

Highly efficient and selective sunlight-induced photocatalytic oxidation of cyclohexane on an eco-catalyst under a CO2 atmosphere
Yusuke Ide, Hideya Hattori, Shuhei Ogo, Masahiro Sadakane and Tsuneji Sano
Green Chem., 2012, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C2GC16594E

The synthesis of N-heterocycles via copper/TEMPO catalysed aerobic oxidation of amino alcohols
James C. A. Flanagan, Laura M. Dornan, Mark G. McLaughlin, Niall G. McCreanor, Matthew J. Cook and Mark J. Muldoon
Green Chem., 2012, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C2GC35062A

Solvent-free bromination reactions with sodium bromide and oxone promoted by mechanical milling
Guan-Wu Wang and Jie Gao
Green Chem., 2012, 14, 1125-1131, DOI: 10.1039/C2GC16606B

Exploring the ruthenium catalysed synthesis of γ-valerolactone in alcohols and utilisation of mild solvent-free reaction conditions
Mohammad G. Al-Shaal, William R. H. Wright and Regina Palkovits
Green Chem., 2012, Advance Article, DOI: 10.1039/C2GC16631C

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants
Siavash Iravani
Green Chem., 2011, 13, 2638-2650, DOI: 10.1039/C1GC15386B

Why not take a look at the articles today and blog your thoughts and comments below.

Fancy submitting an article to Green Chemistry? Then why not submit to us today or alternatively email us your suggestions.

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4th International IUPAC Conference on Green Chemistry

The 4th International IUPAC Conference on Green Chemistry (4th ICGC) will be held in Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil between the 25-29th August 2012. 

The 4th ICGC will focus on broad topics including benign synthesis/processes, green chemistry for energy production, chemicals from renewable resources, green engineering, education in green chemistry and engineering and policy.  The conference will be held in Foz do Iguaçu, one of the most beautiful tourist destinations in Latin America.

Confirmed Plenary lectaures are: Paul Anastas (Yale University, USA), James Clark (University of York, UK), Jairton Dupont (University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), Buxing Han (Chinese Academy of Sciences, China), Adelio Machado (Porto University, Portugal), Anita Marsaioli (University of Campinas, Brazil), Robin Rogers (University of Alabama, USA), Karl Barry Sharpless (Scripps Research Institute, USA), Roger Sheldon (Delft University, The Netherlands) and Rajendar S. Varma (EPA, USA).

Submission of abstracts and early bird registration must be completed by the 15th May.  For more information, please visit the website.

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Recyclable silica-supported prolinamide organocatalysts for direct asymmetric Aldol reaction in water

A supported organaocatalyst has been developed for direct asymmetric Aldol reaction in water with higher enantioselectivity than the original homogeneous catalyst.

Asymmetric organocatalyst is considered to be a very powerful tool for stereoselective synthesis on enantiomerically enriched compounds.  However, organocatalytic reactions, whilst avoiding many of the problems associated with metal catalysts, often require high catalyst loadings and tedious purification of the products. 

In this work, Roser Pleixats and colleagues from the Autonomous University of Barcelona, the University of Alicante (Spain) and the Institute Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (France), have developed a recyclable silica-supported prolinamide organocatalyst.  The catalyst was applied to the direct asymmetric Aldol reaction, and allowed reactions to be conducted exclusively in water without the need of a co-catalyst.  This also resulted in easier isolation of the product and good recycling (at least three times) of the catalyst without the need for regeneration. 

This article is free to access until the 24th May 2012!  Click on the link below to find out more…

Recyclable silica-supported prolinamide organocatalysts for direct asymmetric Aldol reaction in water, Amàlia Monge-Marcet, Xavier Cattoën, Diego A. Alonso, Carmen Nájera, Michel Wong Chi Man and Roser Pleixats, Green Chem., 2012, DOI: 10.1039/C2GC35227C

You may also be interested in the following article as well – free to access for 2 weeks!

Advances in catalytic metal-free reductions: from bio-inspired concepts to applications in the organocatalytic synthesis of pharmaceuticals and natural products, Magnus Rueping, Jeremy Dufour and Fenja R. Schoepke, Green Chem., 2011, 13, 1084-1105

Stay up-to-date with the latest content in Green Chemistry by registering for our free table of contents alerts.

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