Archive for August, 2012

Stimulate your senses with OBC issue 37

OBC issue 37 has arrived, hot off the press, so why not put your feet up and have a cup of coffee as you browse through its contents. Prefer decaf? Well the work on this week’s front cover might be able to help you find out if that coffee you have really is decaffeinated…

…. Kay Severin and colleagues from École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) have synthesised a dye (3,4:3’,4’-bibenzo[b]thiophene-2,2’-disulfonate) that can be used as a sensitive and selective molecular probe for the fluorimetric detection of caffeine in water with a better sensitivity and selectivity than previously reported caffeine sensors.

A ratiometric fluorescence sensor for caffeine
Nicolas Luisier, Albert Ruggi, Stephan N. Steinmann, Laurane Favre, Nicolas Gaeng, Clémence Corminboeuf and Kay Severin

On the inside cover is a communication from P. Venkatesu et al. demonstrating the ability of water and a protic ionic liquid, triethyl ammonium phosphate (TEAP) to act as refolding additives for the urea-induced chemical denaturated state of the two enzymes, α-chymotrypsin and succinylated Con A. Water and TEAP are shown to efficient and effective additives, with the enzymatic activity of the enzymes’ being regained and in some cases even enhanced.

Water and a protic ionic liquid acted as refolding additives for chemically denatured enzymes
Pankaj Attri, P. Venkatesu and Anil Kumar

Both articles can be downloaded free for the next 6 weeks, and they are just a click away….

Go to the issue….

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Organometallics in catalysis: an article collection

Perhaps the most well-known applications of organometallics in catalysis are the Ziegler–Natta catalysts which are used to generate polymers, the catalysts are made up of mixtures of transition metal halides and organo-aluminium complexes. Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta were awarded the 1963 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their discovery and development of the catalysts, which today are the most commonly used for the manufacture of polythene.

The esteemed history of organometallics are not to be under-estimated and include Grignard’s reagents, the Heck reaction, Schrock catalysts, Grubbs’ catalysts and the Suzuki Coupling to name just a few. Organometallic compounds have revolutionised science and industry and to keep you up to date with the latest break-through research being made across all areas of organometallics in catalysis, we have made this cross-journal article collection free until the 26th September.

Click here for the full list of free articles

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OBC issue 36 online now!

It’s all getting a bit fruity on the cover of this week’s issue of OBC thanks to the work of Sungwoo Hong and co-workers from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. Hong et al. present the impressive catalytic effects of Fe(OTf)3 in the Pd(II)-catalyzed conjugate addition of arylboronic acids to chromones to give a variety of flavanones, which exclusively yield flavone analogs when of catalytic amounts of DDQ and KNO2 are added.

Synthetic approach to flavanones and flavones via ligand-free palladium(II)-catalyzed conjugate addition of arylboronic acids to chromones
Donghee Kim, Kyungrok Ham and Sungwoo Hong

The inside cover highlights the work of Alexander V. Butin and colleagues, who have developed a simple method for the transformation of furfural, a large-scale product from the processing of agricultural and forestry wastes, into the  potent pharmacologically active compounds indolo[3,2-c]quinolines and isocryptolepines.

From biomass to medicines. A simple synthesis of indolo[3,2-c]quinolines, antimalarial alkaloid isocryptolepine, and its derivatives
Maxim G. Uchuskin, Arkady S. Pilipenko, Olga V. Serdyuk, Igor V. Trushkov and Alexander V. Butin

Both of these cover articles will be free to access for the next 6 weeks.

Also of interest in this issue is the review:

Organic fluorine as a polypeptide building element: in vivo expression of fluorinated peptides, proteins and proteomes

from L. Merkel and N. Budisa who present the most recent advances in the field of protein biosynthesis using fluorinated amino acids.

Read the entire issue HERE today!

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Trojan horse tuberculosis treatment

During the Trojan war, Greeks built a huge wooden horse, hid men inside it and left it outside the city of Troy. The Trojans, claiming it as a victory trophy, brought it into their city. That night, the Greek force crept out of the horse, opened the gates for the rest of the Greek army and they destroyed the city of Troy

The emergence of drug resistant bacterial strains has led to an urgent need for new antibiotic agents. Scientists in the US are utilising the iron uptake pathway of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a ‘Trojan horse’ approach to tuberculosis treatment.

Marvin Miller at the University of Notre Dame and colleagues have synthesised analogues of iron scavenging compounds that contain a maleimide functional group for future drug conjugation. Miller explains that these compounds will be actively assimilated by the M. tuberculosis pathogen by the active iron transport system, but can also carry a lethal agent into the pathogen.

One of the challenges of synthesising drug conjugates is finding a suitable functional group to attach the drug to the conjugate. The maleimide functionalised mycobactin analogue synthesised by the team simplifies the synthetic route by reducing the need for protecting groups. Thiol-maleimide chemistry can then be used to attach the drug.

Derek Tan, an expert in rational drug design at the Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, US, is enthusiastic about the work. He believes that the advantage of the maleimide functional group is that it can react with nucleophiles, which may already be present in a potential conjugate drug, as opposed to electrophiles, which generally need to be synthetically introduced into the conjugate drug. This maleimide–mycobactin analogue ‘will enable the future synthesis of a wider array of potential Trojan horse antibiotics’, says Tan.

Miller and co-workers found that the maleimide–mycobactin analogue displayed antibiotic activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but it was inactive against a broad panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. ‘The use of siderophores [iron chelating compounds] to deliver antibiotics exclusively into a single type of bacteria (e.g., Mtb, P. aeruginosa, E. coli), could reduce the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, minimising exposure and therefore the development of drug resistance’ says Miller.

In the future, the team intends to use a rational approach for selecting drugs to attach to the maleimide–mycobactin analogue, starting with drugs that inhibit essential survival processes.

References
1. R E Juárez-Hernández, S G Franzblau and M J Miller, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2012, DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26077h

2. Chemistry World story by Alisa Becker

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Caffeine test to tell if decaf coffee really is decaffeinated

Graphical abstractScientists in Switzerland have synthesised a dye (3,4:3’,4’-bibenzo[b]thiophene-2,2’-disulfonate) that can be used as a sensitive and selective molecular probe for the fluorimetric detection of caffeine in water.

The system’s sensitivity and selectivity are higher than those of current synthetic caffeine sensors, so much so that caffeine can be detected in the sub-millimolar concentration range, the researchers claim. The team prepared sensor test strips on which a change in emission colour on addition of caffeine was easy to detect by the naked eye.

A ratiometric fluorescence sensor for caffeine
Nicolas Luisier, Albert Ruggi, Stephan N. Steinmann, Laurane Favre, Nicolas Gaeng, Clémence Corminboeuf and Kay Severin
DOI: 10.1039/C2OB26117K

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OBC issue 35 online now, read it today!

Issue 35 of Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry is now available online for you to access today!

On the front cover this weeks is the work of Chi-Ming Che and colleagues from The University of Hong Kong, who present a gold(I)/chiral Brønsted acid cooperative catalytic system for the efficient one-pot asymmetric synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines, with one or two chiral centres at different positions as well as highly divergent functional groups, from reaction of 2-aminobenzaldehydes or 2-aminophenones with alkynes.

Highly regio-, diastereo- and enantioselective one-pot gold/chiral Brønsted acid-catalysed cascade synthesis of bioactive diversely substituted tetrahydroquinolines
Xin-Yuan Liu, Ya-Ping Xiao, Fung-Ming Siu, Li-Chen Ni, Yong Chen, Lin Wang and Chi-Ming Che
DOI: 10.1039/C2OB25753J

The inside cover highlights the work of Prasat Kittakoop et al. on the isolation, characterization, and biological activities of a novel tricyclic polyketide, 2 of its biosynthetic congeners as well as austdiol, a known azaphilone, from the endophytic fungus Dothideomycete sp., which was isolated from the Thai medicinal plant, Tiliacora triandra.

A novel tricyclic polyketide and its biosynthetic precursor azaphilone derivatives from the endophytic fungus Dothideomycete sp
Sarath P. D. Senadeera, Suthep Wiyakrutta, Chulabhorn Mahidol, Somsak Ruchirawat and Prasat Kittakoop
DOI: 10.1039/C2OB25959A

Read this issue, and previous issues, today!

Do you have an image you think would look good on a cover? Why not let us know when you submit your work to us.

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OBC issue 34 now online

Forget the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow, this week it’s all about getting you hands on issue 34 of Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry and its technicoloured covers.

On the front cover Hidemitsu Uno, Ehime University, and colleagues have prepared potential selective near-infrared (NIR) dyes by the fusion of boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) chromophores. Uno et al. designed these π-fused bis-BODIPY chromophores to show intensive absorption and strong fluorescence in the near-infrared region and not to have any strong absorption in the visible region.

π-Fused bis-BODIPY as a candidate for NIR dyes
Mitsunori Nakamura, Hiroyuki Tahara, Kohtaro Takahashi, Toshi Nagata, Hiroki Uoyama, Daiki Kuzuhara, Shigeki Mori, Tetsuo Okujima, Hiroko Yamada and Hidemitsu Uno

The inside cover from Xin-Dong Jiang, Henan University, and co-workers demonstrates the synthesis of a novel BODIPY from a 3,4,4a-trihydroxanthene-fused pyrrole, that is non-cytotoxic and so is suited to the labeling of living cells in the NIR region.

A NIR BODIPY dye bearing 3,4,4a-trihydroxanthene moieties
Xin-Dong Jiang, Ruina Gao, Yi Yue, Guo-Tao Sun and Weili Zhao

Also in this issue is a review by Liqun Jin and Aiwen Lei which presents insights into the elementary steps in Negishi coupling through kinetic investigations.

Read the complete issue here…. and as always the cover articles will be free to access for the next 6 weeks!

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OBC issue 33 now online: a tool for RNA conjugation and iodine cyclisations on the covers

Crack open this week’s issue over your coffee break and have a read…

On the front cover:

Strap yourself in with this week’s front cover highlighting the work of Ishwar Singh and co-workers who have developed a fast, strain promoted cycloaddition as a tool for RNA conjugation on the solid phase exploiting the cycloaddition of a series of RNA-cyclooctynes with both azide (strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition) and nitrile oxide dipoles (strain-promoted nitrile oxide–alkyne cycloaddition). Singh et al. say that the reaction is compatible with 2’-OMe blocking as well as with 2’-O-TBDMS protection on the ribose moieties of the sugar.

Fast RNA conjugations on solid phase by strain-promoted cycloadditions
Ishwar Singh, Colin Freeman, Annemieke Madder, Joseph S. Vyle and Frances Heaney
DOI: 10.1039/C2OB25628B

On the inside front cover:

Ming-Jung Wu and colleagues, National Sun Yat-sen University, have developed an efficient synthetic method to convert enynylpyrazoles to pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines and 6-iodopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines by gold-catalyzed cyclisation and iodinemediated cyclisation reactions, respectively. Wu et al. go on to demonstrate the synthetic utility of this by preparing a p38 kinase inhibitor.

Au(I)-catalyzed and iodine-mediated cyclization of enynylpyrazoles to provide pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines
Hung-Chou Wu, Chia-Wen Yang, Long-Chih Hwang and Ming-Jung Wu
DOI: 10.1039/C2OB25973G

Read both these articles for free for 6 weeks!

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