Alessia Millemaggi – Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Blog

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Chemistry in Water

20 Mar 2014

We are delighted to share with you a series of collections of recent books, themed issues and articles on the topic of water. These four collections – one per month – demonstrate different aspects of water: its chemistry, its wide use in reactions and as a solvent, its relationship with energy and sustainability, as well as with human health and the environment.

Image (c) Shutterstock

Here, in our second collection, we have assembled some of the ground-breaking research and transformative reviews related to the chemistry in water – highlighting the importance and versatility of water as a medium in chemistry – from across our journals.

Professor Rafael Luque, winner of the RSC 2013 Environment, Sustainability and Energy Division Early Career Award, welcomes this timely and topical collection. “For a more sustainable future, we need to develop benign chemical protocols,” he notes. “Conducting chemical processes in water is a significant step towards this goal. This high profile collection includes articles from leading scientists in the field with varying topics – from materials synthesis to organocatalysis, synthetic organic chemistry and heterogeneous catalysis – that we hope can provide a starting point for young researchers, as well as key references to stimulate further research in the field.”

“This year, as the IPCC prepares to release the final contributions to their Fifth Assessment Report on climate change, it is timely to consider the role of chemistry in addressing global challenges, such as food, water, raw materials and energy,” remarks Professor Lesley Yellowlees, President of the Royal Society of Chemistry. “This collection from our journals shares the latest research from scientists around the world, aiming to tackle these challenges. Featuring original research and commentary by leaders in the field, we hope that you will find this high-quality collection engaging, inspirational and informative.”

You can read all of these articles for free until 21 April 2014! We truly hope you enjoy this collection.

We have already published an article collection on the chemistry of water. In the next couple of months, we will be publishing collections on water in energy, health and the environment.

Did you know that the RSC has put together a webpage on Water, which brings together information on activities for scientists, policymakers, educators and young people? Take a look today…

Reviews and Perspectives

In water, on water, and by water: mimicking nature’s aldolases with organocatalysis and water
Nobuyuki Mase and Carlos F. Barbas, III
Org. Biomol. Chem., 2010,8, 4043-4050 GA?id=C3CS60025D
DOI: 10.1039/C004970K, Perspective

Benign by design: catalyst-free in-water, on-water green chemical methodologies in organic synthesis
Manoj B. Gawande, Vasco D. B. Bonifácio, Rafael Luque, Paula S. Branco and Rajender S. Varma
Chem. Soc. Rev., 2013,42, 5522-5551
DOI: 10.1039/C3CS60025D, Review Article

Olefin metathesis in aqueous media
Jasmine Tomasek and Jürgen Schatz
Green. Chem., 2013,15, 2317-2338
DOI: 10.1039/C3GC41042K, Critical Review

Green chemistry oriented organic synthesis in water
Marc-Olivier Simon and Chao-Jun Li
Chem. Soc. Rev., 2012,41, 1415-1427
DOI: 10.1039/C1CS15222J, Tutorial Review
From themed collection Green Chemistry

sp2 C–H bond activation in water and catalytic cross-coupling reactions
Bin Li and Pierre H. Dixneuf
Chem. Soc. Rev., 2013,42, 5744-5767 GA?id=C0SM01072C
DOI: 10.1039/C3CS60020C, Review Article

Stimulus responsive core-shell nanoparticles: synthesis and applications of polymer based aqueous systems
Olivier J. Cayre, Nelly Chagneux and Simon Biggs
Soft Matter, 2011,7, 2211-2234
DOI: 10.1039/C0SM01072C, Review Article

Alkynes as an eco-compatible “on-call” functionality orthogonal to biological conditions in water
Nick Uhlig and Chao-Jun Li
Chem. Sci., 2011,2, 1241-1249
DOI: 10.1039/C1SC00164G, Minireview GA?id=C1SC00164G

Anion binding in water at lanthanide centres: from structure and selectivity to signalling and sensing
Stephen J. Butler and David Parker
Chem. Soc. Rev., 2013,42, 1652-1666
DOI: 10.1039/C2CS35144G, Tutorial Review
From themed collection Alfred Werner Nobel Prize 100 year celebration

Prebiotic chemistry in eutectic solutions at the water–ice matrix
César Menor-Salván and Margarita R. Marín-Yaseli
Chem. Soc. Rev., 2012,41, 5404-5415
DOI: 10.1039/C2CS35060B, Tutorial Review
From themed collection Prebiotic Chemistry

Original research articles

An in-water, on-water domino process for synthesis
Philip Norcott, Calan Spielman and Christopher S. P. McErlean
Green. Chem., 2012,14, 605-609
DOI: 10.1039/C2GC16259H, Communication

Highly efficient iron(0) nanoparticle-catalyzed hydrogenation in water in flow
Reuben Hudson, Go Hamasaka, Takao Osako, Yoichi M. A. Yamada, Chao-Jun Li, Yasuhiro Uozumi and Audrey Moores
Green. Chem., 2013,15, 2141-2148
DOI: 10.1039/C3GC40789F, Paper

Water as an additive to enhance the ring opening of naphthalene
Qian Wang, Honglei Fan, Suxiang Wu, Zhaofu Zhang, Peng Zhang and Buxing Han
Green. Chem., 2012,14, 1152-1158 GA?id=C1OB05735A
DOI: 10.1039/C2GC16554F, Paper

Click chemistry from organic halides, diazonium salts and anilines in water catalysed by copper nanoparticles on activated carbon
Francisco Alonso, Yanina Moglie, Gabriel Radivoy and Miguel Yus
Org. Biomol. Chem., 2011,9, 6385-6395
DOI: 10.1039/C1OB05735A, Paper

An organocatalytic highly efficient approach to the direct synthesis of substituted carbazoles in water
Pradeep Kumar Jaiswal, Soumen Biswas, Shivendra Singh and Sampak Samanta
Org. Biomol. Chem., 2013,11, 8410-8418
DOI: 10.1039/C3OB42034E, Paper

GA?id=C1GC15726D

Near-critical water, a cleaner solvent for the synthesis of a metal–organic framework
Ilich A. Ibarra, Peter A. Bayliss, Eduardo Pérez, Sihai Yang, Alexander J. Blake, Harriott Nowell, David R. Allan, Martyn Poliakoff and Martin Schröder Green Chem., 2012,14, 117-122
DOI: 10.1039/C1GC15726D, Paper

Stille couplings in water at room temperature
Guo-ping Lu, Chun Cai and Bruce H. Lipshutz
Green Chem., 2013,15, 105-109
DOI: 10.1039/C2GC36042J, Paper

DNA-based asymmetric organometallic catalysis in water
Jens Oelerich and Gerard Roelfes
Chem. Sci., 2013,4, 2013-2017
DOI: 10.1039/C3SC00100H, Edge Article

Pyridinium-based tripodal chemosensor in visual sensing of AMP in water by indicator displacement assay (IDA)
Kumaresh Ghosh, Sk Sarfaraj Ali, Avik Ranjan Sarkar, Asmita Samadder, Anisur Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh, Ioannis D. Petsalakis and Giannoula Theodorakopoulos
Org. Biomol. Chem. , 2013, 11, 5666-5672
DOI: 10.1039/C3OB40833G, Paper

GA?id=C2GC16240G

Design, synthesis, and solution behaviour of small polyamines as switchable water additives
Sean M. Mercer, Tobias Robert, Daniel V. Dixon, Chien-Shun Chen, Zahra Ghoshouni, Jitendra R. Harjani, Soran Jahangiri, Gilles H. Peslherbe and Philip G. Jessop
Green Chem. , 2012,14, 832-839
DOI: 10.1039/C2GC16240G, Paper

In situ generation of bioreducible and acid labile nanogels/microgels simply via adding water into the polymerization system
Zhong-Kai Wang, Long-Hai Wang, Jiao-Tong Sun, Li-Fen Han and Chun-Yan Hong
Polym. Chem., 2013, 4, 1694-1699
DOI: 10.1039/C2PY21058D, Paper

Template-directed synthesis of multi-component organic cages in water
Artur R. Stefankiewicz, Mark R. Sambrook and Jeremy K. M. Sanders
Chem. Sci., 2012,3, 2326-2329
DOI: 10.1039/C2SC20347B, Edge Article

Tuning the catalytic activity of L-proline functionalized hydrophobic nanogel particles in water
Annhelen Lu, Dafni Moatsou, Deborah A. Longbottom and Rachel K. O’Reilly
Chem. Sci., 2013,4, 965-969
DOI: 10.1039/C2SC21300A, Edge Article

GA?id=C3SC51547H

Gold nanoparticles stabilized by an amphiphilic pillar[5]arene: preparation, self-assembly into composite microtubes in water and application in green catalysis
Yong Yao, Min Xue, Zibin Zhang, Mingming Zhang, Yong Wang and Feihe Huang
Chem. Sci., 2013,4, 3667-3672
DOI: 10.1039/C3SC51547H, Edge Article

Water-controlled synthesis and single-crystal structural transformations of a cyanide-bridged W(IV)–Ni(II) molecular wheel complex and 3D networks
Dao-Peng Zhang, Li-Fang Zhang, Guo-Ling Li and Zhong-Hai Ni
Chem. Comm., 2013,49, 9582-9584
DOI: 10.1039/C3CC46063K, Communication

Oxidation of water by a nonhaem diiron(IV) complex via proton-coupled electron transfer
Dong Wang and Lawrence Que
Chem. Comm., 2013,49, 10682-10684
DOI: 10.1039/C3CC46391E, Communication
From themed collection Biological oxidation reactions: mechanisms and design of new catalysts

Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts reactions in water catalyzed by a human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA metalloenzyme
Changhao Wang, Yinghao Li, Guoqing Jia, Yan Liu, Shengmei Lu and Can Li
Chem. Comm., 2012,48, 6232-6234
DOI: 10.1039/C2CC31320K, Communication

Enhanced imine synthesis in water: from surfactant-mediated catalysis to host–guest mechanisms
Kamel Meguellati, Ali Fallah-Araghi, Jean-Christophe Baret, Abdeslam El Harrak, Thomas Mangeat, Carlos M. Marques, Andrew D. Griffiths and Sylvain Ladame
Chem. Comm., 2013,49, 11332-11334
DOI: 10.1039/C3CC46461J, Communication
Open Access

A method for increasing permeability in O₂/N₂ separation with mixed-matrix membranes made of water-stable MIL-101 and polysulfone
Harold B. Tanh Jeazet, Claudia Staudt and Christoph Janiak
Chem. Comm., 2012,48, 2140-2142
DOI: 10.1039/C2CC16628C, Communication

Cu(OTf)₂-catalysed Ritter reaction: efficient synthesis of amides from nitriles and halohydrocarbons in water
Gui-Rong Qu, Yan-Wei Song, Hong-Ying Niu, Hai-Ming Guo and John S. Fossey
RSC Adv., 2012,2, 6161-6163
DOI: 10.1039/C2RA20941A, Communication

GA?id=C3RA40833G

Recyclable NaHSO₄ catalyzed alkylation of tert-enamides with indoles or amines in water: facile construction of pharmaceutically analogous bis-alkaloid scaffolds
Xue-Qiang Chu, Shun-Yi Wang and Shun-Jun Ji
RSC Adv., 2013,3, 8380-8387
DOI: 10.1039/C3RA40833G, Paper

Efficient microwave-assisted preparation of squaric acid monoamides in water
Carlos López, Manuel Vega, Elena Sanna, Carmen Rotger and Antoni Costa
RSC Adv., 2013,3, 7249-7253
DOI: 10.1039/C3RA41369A, Communication

CuI/TBAB as a novel efficient catalytic system for Heck reaction in water
Yufang Wang, Qichao Yang, Li Yang, Jianxin Shi and Mingjie Zhang
RSC Adv., 2013,3, 21251-21255
DOI: 10.1039/C3RA44819C, Communication

Highly efficient visible-light-induced photocatalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline in water
Weiming Wu, Rui Lin, Lijuan Shen, Ruowen Liang, Rusheng Yuan and Ling Wu
RSC Adv., 2013,3, 10894-10899
DOI: 10.1039/C3RA40935J, Paper

Ruthenium catalysed one-pot synthesis of S-allyl and cinnamyl dithiocarbamates using allyl and cinnamyl acetates in water
Sabir Ahammed, Amit Saha and Brindaban C. Ranu
RSC Adv., 2012,3, 6329-6335
DOI: 10.1039/C2RA20856C, Paper

GA?id=C3SC52357H

Water-soluble multi-cage super tetrahedral uranyl peroxide phosphate clusters
Jie Qiu, Jie Ling, Laurent Jouffret, Rebecca Thomas, Jennifer E. S. Szymanowski and Peter C. Burns
Chem. Sci., 2014,5, 303-310
DOI: 10.1039/C3SC52357H, Edge Article

Mechanistic changes observed in heavy water for nitrate reduction reaction on palladium-modified Pt(hkl) electrodes
J. Souza-Garcia, E. A. Ticianelli, V. Climent and J. M. Feliu
Chem. Sci., 2012,3, 3063-3070
DOI: 10.1039/C2SC20490H, Edge Article

Active and reusable Pd(II) organometallic catalyst covalently bonded to mesoporous silica nanospheres for water-medium organic reactions
Wenhan He, Fang Zhang and Hexing Li
Chem. Sci., 2011,2, 961-966
DOI: 10.1039/C0SC00652A, Edge Article

Selective electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to formate by a water-soluble iridium pincer catalyst
Peng Kang, Thomas J. Meyer and Maurice Brookhart
Chem. Sci., 2013,4, 3497-3502
DOI: 10.1039/C3SC51339D, Edge Article

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Hydrogel treatment targets tumours

27 Aug 2013

Hydrogels of cancer drug taxol injected directly into tumours have been shown to be more effective at inhibiting tumour growth than intravenous taxol injections of four times the dosage.

Taxol is used to treat many forms of cancer, including breast, lung and ovarian cancer. Its administration is typically every three weeks by intravenous injection and it can take several hours to achieve the required dose.

Hydrogels have great potential to reduce the dosing frequency of chemotherapy. They can hold exceptionally high drug loadings that are released in a controlled and sustained manner. However, synthesising such hydrogels is complex, ultimately resulting in low yields.

Zhimou Yang and fellow researchers at Nankai University in China have successfully simplified the synthesis of taxol hydrogels. Their hydrogel contains taxol conjugated to folic acid. The folic acid facilitates tumour targeting as many cancer cells have folic acid receptors so the hydrogels will sustainably release their taxol cargo through ester bond hydrolysis at the site of cancer cells.

Read the full article on Chemistry World.

Disulfide bond reduction-triggered molecular hydrogels of Folic acid-Taxol conjugates
Chengbiao Yang et al.
DOI: 10.1039/C3OB40969D

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Tethered aldo/keto-acids/esters unlock new bis-hetrocyclic tetrazolo scaffolds

19 Aug 2013

The classical Ugi multi-component reaction can be used to generate a peptidic-like molecule, with 4 points of diversification, from an aldehyde, an amine, an isocyanide and a carboxylic acid. In the Ugi-azide reaction, the carboxylic acid is replaced with trimethylsilyl azide, providing a convenient route to 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles. This scaffold is a bioisostere for the cis-amide bond.

In the HOT article, Gunawan and Hulme report the use of Ugi-azide reactions to generate a series of different bis-hetrocyclic tetrazolo scaffolds, facilitated by variation of the linker group in the aldo/keto-acids/esters. These scaffolds may aid the development of new molecular probes for the investigation of peptidergic biological systems.

Bifunctional building blocks in the Ugi-azide condensation reaction: a general strategy toward exploration of new molecular diversity
Steven Gunawan and Christopher Hulme
DOI: 10.1039/C3OB40900G

Free to access for 4 weeks

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A chemical approach to biological antifreeze

15 Jul 2013

Scientists in New Zealand and the US have synthesised a protein that helps inhibit ice crystal growth in Antarctic fish.

Antifreezes are chemical additives used to lower the freezing point of water. While ethylene glycol is widely used in motor vehicles, it is too toxic for use in foodstuffs. Antifreeze proteins are a non-toxic alternative and are currently added to some brands of ice cream to improve the ice cream’s texture by controlling the growth of ice crystals.

A 132 amino acid protein called antifreeze potentiating protein (AFPP) was recently identified in Antarctic fish. AFPP enhances the antifreeze effects of known antifreeze glycoproteins by binding to ice crystals, but is difficult to isolate and purify in quantities sufficient for more widespread use. A chemical synthesis of AFPP would enable the large-scale production of AFPP. It would also give researchers a way to make labelled versions of AFPP for further studies

Margaret Brimble and Clive Evans at the University of Auckland, and their co-workers, have devised a convergent chemical strategy to prepare AFPP. A solubilising tag to improve the handling and purification of intermediate peptides was used in the synthesis as AFPP is not very soluble in aqueous solution and prone to aggregation.

Read the full story on Chemistry World

Chemical synthesis of a masked analogue of the fish antifreeze potentiating protein (AFPP)
Sung-Hyun Yang, Joanna M. Wojnar, Paul W. R. Harris, Arthur L. DeVries, Clive W. Evansd and Margaret A. Brimble
DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41066h

Free to access for 6 weeks!

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Never shut down another person’s ideas

11 Jul 2013

Vy Dong is a professor at the University of California at Irvine, US. Her group investigates better tools for organic synthesis, including new reagents, catalysts and strategies.

What inspired you to study science?

During university, I was interested in both the sciences and the humanities, and so I took an advanced English course. After long discussions on different ways to interpret the story, I was frustrated because the instructor would never say whose interpretation was the right one. This frustration solidified that science suited me better, because you can come up with creative proposals and there’s this opportunity to test them and see if they’re valid or not.

What led you to chemistry in particular?

Taking Larry Overman’s sophomore organic chemistry class at the University of California at Irvine was a big turning point for me. Before that I was studying a major between biology and social science, called applied ecology. Larry is an amazing teacher.

A focus of your research is catalysis – could you tell us about a key project you’re running right now in your lab and why you find catalysis so attractive?

One of the major projects in my group right now is focused on catalytic hydroacylation. We want to find ways to selectively activate aldehyde C–H bonds to synthesise ketones, esters and amides. Our goal is to use this C–H activation strategy as a unified approach to all sorts of different heterocycles and polyketides and be able to do this in a way that is regio-, enantio- and chemo-selective. There’s something very attractive about catalysis – you can get things to transform that normally wouldn’t by adding a bit of this magical powder.

What would you say is the major challenge in catalysis?

For my group, the challenge is: how do we bridge that gap from finding something that is novel in reactivity to something that’s going to be wide in applications? It is a difficult challenge, but inspiring to see how catalytic transformations, like metathesis or hydrogenation or cross-coupling, have changed the way people make molecules.

Where do you look for ideas?

I wish there was a journal we could just flip through. Initially I worried that coming up with ideas was impossible, but new ideas pop up all the time through interactions with my students. My students will suggest something and I’ll suggest something else and this going back and forth is what generates and refines our ideas. It’s important for both sides to never shut down the other person’s ideas, but rather build upon them.

One of my students suggested an experiment and instead of saying ‘that’s known with a different catalyst, let’s not do it,’ I said ‘sure, try it and see what happens.’ The result was not what either of us expected. Instead of saying ‘well, this result is interesting but maybe not that interesting,’ we tried to realise the potential in the result, thinking of all the possible ways that we could take it in different directions. That’s how we got started on the ketone hydroacylation project!

Read the full story on Chemistry World.

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Thalidomide teams-up with turmeric to kill myeloma cells

02 Jul 2013

Cancer researchers in the US and China have combined the turmeric spice pigment curcumin and the drug thalidomide to create hybrid compounds that can kill multiple myeloma cells.

Multiple myeloma is the second most common type of blood cancer, killing 20% of affected patients each year. The drug thalidomide, banned after causing birth defects when given during pregnancy in the 1950s, was recently rediscovered and approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Thalidomide works by disturbing the microenvironment of tumour cells in bone marrow. However, it disintegrates in the body. Curcumin, a yellow pigment from the common spice turmeric, is also active against cancers, including myeloma, but is limited by its poor water solubility.

Shijun Zhang at Virginia Commonwealth University, US, and colleagues, have synthesised compounds combining structural features from both thalidomide and curcumin. ‘The hybrids have enhanced solubility, and higher toxicity against myeloma cells than curcumin, thalidomide, or a mixture of both,’ explains Zhang, ‘so our design rational is going in the right direction.’ Zhang says the hybrids kill myeloma cells through combined mechanisms of action that include the generation of reactive oxygen species and cell cycle inhibition.

Read the full story on Chemistry World.

K Liu et al, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2013, DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40595h

Free to access for 4 weeks!

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Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction – Join the 40th Anniversary Symposium

02 Jul 2013

We are delighted to announce the Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction – 40th Anniversary Symposium which will take place on Saturday 31^st August 2013 in Tokyo, Japan.

Key speakers include:

Prof. Ryoji Noyori (RIKEN, and Nagoya University)
Prof. Masakatsu Shibasaki (Institute of Microbial Chemistry)
… and many more

For the full list of speakers and topics, please visit the dedicated website.

If you would like to register, please email the conference organisers with with your contact details, using the subject line: ‘Overseas Registration’

Don’t miss out! – Closing date for registrations is 31st July 2013

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RSC/BMOS Young Investigator Award – Closing date 15 July 2013

28 Jun 2013

The RSC is delighted to announce a fantastic opportunity for Early Career Researchers to attend the 15th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis (BMOS) taking place in Campos do Jordão, Brazil, 10-13 November 2013. The conferences combines plenary and invited lectures from distinguished leaders in the field to discuss modern aspects of the art of organic synthesis. The full programme and list of speakers can be viewed via the conference website.

The Organic Division of the RSC will allocate awards to allow four outstanding researchers (two from the UK and two from Latin America) to attend the conference. Applicants must be 40 years old or under on the closing date – 15 July 2013. The winner will be selected by a selection committee which will include members of the RSC Organic Division and BMOS Organising Committee. Winners will receive a free registration, a certificate, an invitation to deliver a flash presentation and a generous contribution towards travel and accommodation. For more information and to apply visit: http://rsc.li/bmos15

Applications should be sent to RSC Science by closing date 15 July 2013 with email subject RSC/BMOS Young Investigator Award.

For any queries please contact science@rsc.org

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Carboxylate-isostere analogs of daptomycin: synthesizing the next generation of antibiotics

27 Jun 2013

The emergence of multi-drug resistant bacterial infections has created a pressing need for the identification of new drugs. This HOT article describes the chemical modification of daptomycin, an antibiotic used to treat Gram-positive bacterial infections. Because of its anionic character daptomycin has a high affinity to pulmonary surfactants, but this limits its use in the treatment of pulmonary infections.

Scott Miller and co-workers hypothesized that reducing surfactant interactions may increase the antibiotic activity of daptomycin. Consequently, they set out to convert the daptomycin carboxylic acid moieties to carboxylate isosteres. This paper reports a direct and efficient procedure to produce isostere analogues of daptomycin, suppressing backbone-cyclization side reactions. The use of a high resolution UPLC-MS/MS technique to characterise the synthetic products by fragmentation analysis is also described.

An efficient chemical synthesis of carboxylate-isostere analogs of daptomycin
Sabesan Yoganathan, Ning Yin, Yong He, Michael F. Mesleh, Yu Gui Gu and Scott J. Miller
DOI: 10.1039/C3OB40924D

Free to access for 4 weeks

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Latest HOT articles in OBC

27 Jun 2013

Promiscuity of a modular polyketide synthase towards natural and non-natural extender units
Irina Koryakina, John B. McArthur, Matthew M. Draelos and Gavin J. Williams
DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40633d

Synthesis of bis-α,α′-amino acids through diastereoselective bis-alkylations of chiral Ni(II)-complexes of glycine
Jiang Wang, Hong Liu, José Luis Aceña, Daniel Houck, Ryosuke Takeda, Hiroki Moriwaki, Tatsunori Sato and Vadim A. Soloshonok
DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40594j

Aerobic C–H amination of tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives via photochemically generated hydroperoxides
Naeem Gulzar and Martin Klussmann
DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40919h

Nanomolar cholera toxin inhibitors based on symmetrical pentavalent ganglioside GM1os-sym corannulenes
Martin Mattarella, Jaime Garcia-Hartjes, Tom Wennekes, Han Zuilhof and Jay S. Siegel
DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40438b

Nanomolar cholera toxin inhibitors based on symmetrical pentavalent ganglioside GM1os-sym corannulenes

Chemical-genetic identification of the biochemical targets of polyalkyl guanidinium biocides
Drew Bowie, Paria Parvizi, Dustin Duncan, Christopher J. Nelson and Thomas M. Fyles
DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40593a

All free to access for 4 weeks!

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