Archive for 2012

Introducing our new Editorial Board member – Professor Aaron Wheeler

We at Lab on a Chip are very pleased to announce our newest Editorial Board member – Professor Aaron Wheeler. Professor Wheeler is the Director of the Wheeler Microfluidics Laboratory at the University of Toronto. Below, he explains how he got into microfluidics, the challenges facing the field, and why he’s trying to be a hockey fan…

1. Please tell us a little about your research background.

I did my Ph.D. in chemistry working with Richard “Dick” Zare at Stanford University. I planned to work on projects related to capillary electrophoresis, but shortly after I started, Dick introduced me to a postdoc who was working in the “new” area of microfluidics. A few trips to the cleanroom later, I was hooked, and spent my time at Stanford developing microfluidic methods to analyze the contents of single cells. After completing my Ph.D., I went to work as a postdoc with Robin Garrell at UCLA, where I learned about the technique known popularly as “digital microfluidics” or “electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD)”. Robin introduced me to Chang-Jin “CJ” Kim and Joe Loo, and I spent two years having a blast bouncing between those three labs, developing interfaces between microfluidics and mass spectrometry. (Note to students – do a postdoc! This is the most fun you can have as a scientist.) I then began my career as an assistant professor at the University of Toronto, and now I spend most of my time hiding from my colleagues so that I can talk with my students about the fun they are having in the lab.

2. What first got you interested in lab on a chip technology as a research area?

As mentioned previously, a postdoc in my Ph.D. lab, Keisuke Morishima (now a professor at Osaka University), introduced me to microfluidics. The rest, as they say, is history.

3. What do you think the most significant advance in LOC technology has been in the last 5 years?

It is difficult to choose – there have been so many exciting advances. One that sticks out is the method developed by Mehmet Toner and colleagues for extracting rare cells from heterogeneous suspensions. When I speak with scientists outside of the lab-on-a-chip community, this is the topic that comes up most often.

4. What do you think is the biggest challenge facing lab on a chip researchers at the moment?

Our field continues to struggle with the translation of new technologies out of the labs of “microfluidics experts” and into the hands of the end-users.

5. What advice would you give to young researchers just starting their careers?

Be opportunistic! Academic scientists are required to write very detailed predictions of the future (i.e., grants). Good grantsmanship is of course an important skill, but I encourage young researchers to not be fooled into thinking that the science will follow the script! Initial hypotheses are often wrong (or the experiments to explore them turn out to be dull), but interesting phenomena can be found everywhere. Keep your eyes open and be ready to explore new and unexpected observations.

6. If you weren’t a scientist, what would you be doing?

Hmm. I think I would try to be a part of the US National Public Radio show, RadioLab. If you are not a listener, check it out. I am a huge fan.

7. If you could meet anyone from history, who would it be and why?

Difficult question. I think I will go with Charles Darwin. (True story: I once was thrown out of Westminster Abbey by a large priest with a deep, booming voice for trying to make a charcoal rubbing of Darwin’s gravestone.) Darwin was obviously a source of important, transformative ideas, but he was interested in problems big and small. Apparently, he had a great passion for earthworms (!), going as far as to evaluate their behaviour over several decades by sprinkling markers on the ground to measure worm-driven soil turnover rates. I imagine that with some coaxing, a conversation with Mr. Darwin would cover almost any topic under the sun (or under the soil, as the case may be).

8. What’s your favourite sports team?

I grew up in the state of North Carolina, where college basketball is almost a religion. (True story: one day in sixth grade, televisions on media carts were rolled into all of the classrooms, and we spent the day watching the NCAA college basketball tournament instead of learning about fractions or whatever we were supposed to be doing.) So, I was (and am) a fan of the University of North Carolina (UNC) – in my formative years, that team featured Michael Jordan. (Perhaps you have heard of him?) Since coming to Canada, I have tried to become a hockey fan. I would like to be a fan of the Toronto Maple Leafs… but it is much easier to be a fan if your team actually wins some games.

We welcome Professor Wheeler’s expertise to the Board, and look forward to working with him over the coming months.

Professor Wheeler’s recent Lab on a Chip papers include:

Virtual microwells for digital microfluidic reagent dispensing and cell culture
Irwin A. Eydelnant, Uvaraj Uddayasankar, Bingyu ‘Betty’ Li, Meng Wen Liao and Aaron R. Wheeler
Lab Chip, 2012,12, 750-757
DOI: 10.1039/C2LC21004E

A digital microfluidic method for multiplexed cell-based apoptosis assays
Dario Bogojevic, M. Dean Chamberlain, Irena Barbulovic-Nad and Aaron R. Wheeler
Lab Chip, 2012,12, 627-634
DOI: 10.1039/C2LC20893H

A digital microfluidic method for dried blood spot analysis
Mais J. Jebrail, Hao Yang, Jared M. Mudrik, Nelson M. Lafrenière, Christine McRoberts, Osama Y. Al-Dirbashi, Lawrence Fisher, Pranesh Chakraborty and Aaron R. Wheeler
Lab Chip, 2011,11, 3218-3224
DOI: 10.1039/C1LC20524B

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New YouTube Videos

View the new videos on the Lab on a Chip YouTube site below:

A disposable picolitre bioreactor for cultivation and investigation of industrially relevant bacteria on the single cell level

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Passive control of cell locomotion using micropatterns: the effect of micropattern geometry on the migratory behavior of adherent cells

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Control of the length of microfibers

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Continuous operation of a hybrid solid-liquid state reconfigurable photonic system without resupply of liquids

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HOT articles: A new assay to assess drug permeability of cells and new measure for acoustic energy density

Macroporous silicon chips for laterally resolved, multi-parametric analysis of epithelial barrier functionMeasuring the ability of compounds to cross various tissue barriers is of critical importance during drug development, as most drugs will have to cross at least one tissue barrier to reach their target.  Various assays already exist to assess this process, but have shortcomings such as being prone to artefacts or failing to provide information on permeation pathway. Now Joachim Wegener and colleagues have devised a new silicon chip to visualise permeability, with the ability to see defects within the cell layer and details about the permeation route. Read more…

Macroporous silicon chips for laterally resolved, multi-parametric analysis of epithelial barrier function
Stefanie Michaelis,  Christina E. Rommel,  Jan Endell,  Petra Göring,  Ralf Wehrspohn,  Claudia Steinem,  Andreas Janshoff,  Hans-Joachim Galla and Joachim Wegener
DOI: 10.1039/C2LC00026A

On a completely different topic the next HOT article is on acoustofluidics.  Henrik Bruus et al present a simple method based on measuring light intensity to determine the acoustic energy density in microchannel.  This parameter can be used as a measure of acoustophoretic performance, but is typically tricky to measure.  Read how they achieved it:

Measuring acoustic energy density in microchannel acoustophoresis using a simple and rapid light-intensity method
Rune Barnkob,  Ida Iranmanesh,  Martin Wiklund and Henrik Bruus
DOI: 10.1039/C2LC40120G

Remember – these articles are  free (if you have an RSC Publishing account) for the next four weeks!

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Creating chaos – converting laminar flow to oscillatory flow in microfluidic devices

Converting steady laminar flow to oscillatory flow through a hydroelasticity approach at microscalesAn article recently published in Lab on a Chip has been featured on ScienceDaily and PhysOrg.com.

The paper from Huanming Xia and colleagues at the Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology reports the development of a microfluidic oscillator that converts otherwise steady laminar flow to oscillatory flow to enhance mixing in microfluidic devices.  The key is an elastic diaphragm embedded inside a stepped cavity, perpendicular to the fluid channel.  When fluid flows over the membrane it depresses and then bounces back due to the elasticity of the silicone membrane, creating oscillatory flow.

Read about how the membrane can also act as a valve in this Communication article:

Converting steady laminar flow to oscillatory flow through a hydroelasticity approach at microscales
H. M. Xia ,  Z. P. Wang ,  W. Fan ,  A. Wijaya ,  W. Wang and Z. F. Wang
DOI: 10.1039/C1LC20667B

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Under a month left to submit your nominations for the Pioneers of Miniaturisation Lectureship

Pioneers of Miniaturisation 2011 winner Professor Ali Khademhosseini (Harvard-MIT, USA) with LOC Editor HArp Minhas and Po-Ki Yuen (Corning Inc).

Last year's winner Professor Ali Khademhosseini (Harvard-MIT, USA) with LOC Editor HArp Minhas and Po-Ki Yuen (Corning Inc).

There is just under a month left for you to submit your nominations for the Lab on a Chip/Corning Inc Pioneers of Miniaturisation Lecture – the deadline is 28th May 2012.

The Pioneers of Miniaturisation Lecture is awarded annually to an early to mid-career scientist for contributions to the understanding or development of miniaturised systems, so if you have an outstanding post-doc in your group or know an extraordinary Assistant Professor, put their names forward today!

The Lectureship will be jointly awarded by Lab on a Chip and Corning Incorporated at the annual µTAS Conference, to be held in Okinawa, Japan, this year and includes $5000 ($2000 of which may be used to attend µTAS).

Please see the Pioneers of Miniaturisation Lecture page for full details on how to make a nomination.

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LOC paper on a smartphone-based RDT reader platform in the press

Integrated Rapid-Diagnostic-Test Reader Platform on a CellphoneAnother paper from Lab on a Chip has recently been causing a stir in the scientific press – this time from Aydogan Ozcan, from UCLA, and colleagues.  The device they have designed is a reader platform for Rapid-Diagnostic-Tests (RDTs) which is utilises the imaging and processing capabilities of a smartphone to avoid manual diagnosis errors.  The platform can read multiple RDTs, and the authors hope that it will help track emerging epidemics worldwide, by enabling easy sharing of results via programs such as Google Maps.

Take a look at the news stories in R&D mag, CNET and PhysOrg for interviews with Aydogan Ozcan and the UCLA website for a neat video on the research.

Integrated Rapid-Diagnostic-Test Reader Platform on a Cellphone
Onur Mudanyali, Stoyan Dimitrov,  Uzair Sikora,  Swati Padmanabhan,  Isa Navruz and Aydogan Ozcan
DOI: 10.1039/C2LC40235A

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LOC article on the capture of tumour cells featured in the press

A combined micromagnetic-microfluidic device for rapid capture and culture of rare circulating tumor cellsAn article recently published in Lab on a Chip on the capture and culture of rare circulating tumour cells from Donald Ingber and Joo Kang has featured on CNET and PhysOrg.  The device, which the team describes as a ‘micromagnetic-microfluidic device’ is capable of separating almost 90% of circulating tumour cells from blood by binding them to magnetic beads.  Due to the design of the channels in the device, the CTCs remain viable following isolation and can be used further for culture and testing.

Read the full article here:

A combined micromagnetic-microfluidic device for rapid capture and culture of rare circulating tumor cells
Joo H. Kang, Silva Krause, Heather Tobin, Akiko Mammoto, Mathumai Kanapathipillai and Donald E. Ingber
DOI: 10.1039/C2LC40072C

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LOC issue 10 available now

Issue 10 of Lab on a Chip is now available online. This week’s front cover features the winning image from the µTAS ‘Art in Science‘ award, which was presented to Dong Jin Shin at the 15th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and the Life Sciences (µTAS) held in Seattle, Washington, USA, on October 2–6, 2011. The image is entitled ‘Ying and Yang in a Droplet’ – more information can be found in the editorial.

The art in science of microTAS
Michael Gaitan and Harp Minhas
DOI: 10.1039/C2LC90034C

The inside front cover features work from Ross Booth and Hanseup Kim at the University of Utah. They have developed a microfluidic blood-brain barrier that mimics the in vivo equivalent, using a thin culture membrane. They hope the model will give insight into blood-brain barrier studies and drug delivery methods.

Characterization of a microfluidic in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier (μBBB)
Ross Booth and Hanseup Kim
DOI: 10.1039/C2LC40094D

Another HOT article included in this issue comes from Frances Ligler and colleagues at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, DC, and introduces the “MagTrap” device that can perform automated target capture, efficient mixing with reagents, and controlled target release using 6 pairs of magnets in a rotating wheel.

Spinning magnetic trap for automated microfluidic assay systems
Jasenka Verbarg, Kian Kamgar-Parsi, Adam R. Shields, Peter B. Howell and Frances S. Ligler
DOI: 10.1039/C2LC21189K

Also included in the issue are this week’s Research highlight from Dr Ali Khademhosseini and Acoustofluidics 11 by Per Augustsson and Thomas Laurell, entitled ‘Affinity specific extraction and sample decomplexing using continuous flow acoustophoresis’.

Read the rest of issue 10 here

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Top ten most accessed articles in March

This month sees the following articles in Lab on a Chip that are in the top ten most accessed:

Microfluidic diagnostics for the developing world
Xiaole Mao and Tony Jun Huang
Lab Chip, 2012, 12, 1412-1416
DOI: 10.1039/C2LC90022J

Human gut-on-a-chip inhabited by microbial flora that experiences intestinal peristalsis-like motions and flow
Hyun Jung Kim, Dongeun Huh, Geraldine Hamilton and Donald E. Ingber
Lab Chip, 2012, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C2LC40074J

A combined micromagnetic-microfluidic device for rapid capture and culture of rare circulating tumor cells
Joo H. Kang, Silva Krause, Heather Tobin, Akiko Mammoto, Mathumai Kanapathipillai and Donald E. Ingber
Lab Chip, 2012, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C2LC40072C

Commercialization of microfluidic point-of-care diagnostic devices
Curtis D. Chin, Vincent Linder and Samuel K. Sia
Lab Chip, 2012, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C2LC21204H

Engineers are from PDMS-land, Biologists are from Polystyrenia
Erwin Berthier, Edmond W. K. Young and David Beebe
Lab Chip, 2012, 12, 1224-1237
DOI: 10.1039/C2LC20982A

Lab-in-a-tube: ultracompact components for on-chip capture and detection of individual micro-/nanoorganisms
Elliot J. Smith, Wang Xi, Denys Makarov, Ingolf Mönch, Stefan Harazim, Vladimir A. Bolaños Quiñones, Christine K. Schmidt, Yongfeng Mei, Samuel Sanchez and Oliver G. Schmidt
Lab Chip, 2012, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C2LC21175K

Microfluidic approaches for cancer cell detection, characterization, and separation
Jian Chen, Jason Li and Yu Sun
Lab Chip, 2012, 12, 1753-1767
DOI: 10.1039/C2LC21273K

Gene-Z: a device for point of care genetic testing using a smartphone
Robert D. Stedtfeld, Dieter M. Tourlousse, Gregoire Seyrig, Tiffany M. Stedtfeld, Maggie Kronlein, Scott Price, Farhan Ahmad, Erdogan Gulari, James M. Tiedje and Syed A. Hashsham
Lab Chip, 2012, 12, 1454-1462
DOI: 10.1039/C2LC21226A

“Fluidic batteries” as low-cost sources of power in paper-based microfluidic devices
Nicole K. Thom, Kimy Yeung, Marley B. Pillion and Scott T. Phillips
Lab Chip, 2012, 12, 1768-1770
DOI: 10.1039/C2LC40126F

Squeeze-chip: a finger-controlled microfluidic flow network device and its application to biochemical assays
Wentao Li, Tao Chen, Zitian Chen, Peng Fei, Zhilong Yu, Yuhong Pang and Yanyi Huang
Lab Chip, 2012, 12, 1587-1590
DOI: 10.1039/C2LC40125H

Why not take a look at the articles today and blog your thoughts and comments below.

Fancy submitting an article to Lab on a Chip? Then why not submit to us today or alternatively email us your suggestions.

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A new HOT article on dielectrophoretic assisted cell sorting

This week’s HOT article comes from our Associate Editor, Professor Abraham Lee, along with Javier Prieto and their coworkers from the University of California. The paper introduces a device that uses dielectrophoretic principles for the characterisation and isolation of sub-populations of cells.

Using the automated dielectrophoretic assisted cell sorting (DACS) device, the group were able to enrich the neurons from a population of neural stem/progenitor cells and neurons using multiple discrete frequency bands, rather than at single frequencies.

The authors also used Monte-Carlo simulations to study the dielectric dispersions within the heterogeneous cell population, allowing them to predict the sorting efficiency of the device according to the trapping behaviour of different cell populations at different frequencies. This information was used to decide the optimal parameters with which to carry out the neuronal sorting, resulting in a 1.4-fold neuronal enrichment.

Frequency discretization in dielectrophoretic assisted cell sorting arrays to isolate neural cells
Javier L. Prieto,  Jente Lu,  Jamison L. Nourse,  Lisa A. Flanagan and Abraham P. Lee
DOI: 10.1039/C2LC21184J

All our hot articles are free to access for four weeks (following a simple registration for individual users).

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