EES Blog

HOT article: A thermally self-sustained syngas generation on Rh-nanoparticles triggered by electric and chemical energy for micro-SOFC power plants:

A fast hybrid start-up process for thermally self-sustained catalytic n-butane reforming in micro-SOFC power plants
Alejandro J. Santis-Alvarez, Majid Nabavi, Nora Hild, Dimos Poulikakos and Wendelin J. Stark
Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/C1EE01330K

Using known materials, scientists at the Georgia Institute of Technology in the USA have designed a new electrode architecture for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) that overcomes many of the limitations of existing electrodes.

SOFCs are an exciting and promising source of power, which are able to provide clean and renewable energy and are scalable to suit a number of applications. They are essentially larger versions of batteries that have a solid electrolyte in which the charge carriers are oxide ions. Oxygen is introduced at the anode, which is reduced to oxide ions which then migrates across the solid electrolyte to the cathode. Fuel, such as hydrogen, is introduced at the cathode, which is oxidised by the oxide ions.

However, improvements to materials and components are still necessary, particularly for designing SOFCs that can operate at lower temperatures.

One of these challenges is to improve electrode design, which is expected to demonstrate fast ionic/electronic transport, rapid surface electrochemical reactions, chemical and physical compatibility with other components of the fuel cell (important considering fuel cells typically operate at many hundreds of degrees Celsius) and stability at high temperatures and oxidising environments.

Although La_0.85Sr_0.15MnO_3±δ (LSM) and La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_3−δ (LSCF) are commonly used cathode materials, they each have their limitations; LSM has poorer ionic conductivity and surface exchange kinetics than LSCF whilst LSCF has poor surface catalytic properties and also has inadequate longevity.

Meilin Liu and co-workers, however, have combined both materials in a new electrode architecture. Their design, which consists of a LSCF backbone coated with a thin-film of LSM, combines the materials’ desirable properties of high conductivity and excellent stability and catalytic activity, respectively.

This new architecture, the authors say, could be cheaply and easily applied to current commercial fuel cells and could also represent a net decrease in cell cost, due to the improvements in performance and stability.

Read more about this hot research here.

Energy & Environmental Science ‘HOT’ paper – read it today!

This paper by Editorial Board member George Huber discusses the conversion of biomass-derived feedstocks into aromatics and olefins using zeolite catalysts. They show how it can be explained by the hydrogen to carbon effective (H/Ceff) ratios of the feeds.

Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived feedstocks into olefins and aromatics with ZSM-5: the hydrogen to carbon effective ratio
Huiyan Zhang, Yu-Ting Cheng, Tushar P. Vispute, Rui Xiao and George W. Huber
Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/C1EE01230D