US Energy Secretary talks biophysics

Stephen Chu, Secretary of Energy for the US government, gave a plenary lecture at the Annual Biophysical Society meeting earlier today.

Dr Chu began his scientific career as a physicist and went on to win the Nobel Prize for his biophysics research. Today he talked about his group’s current research interests into sub-wavelength imaging and detecting protein binding events in real-time. 

He then went on to discuss the influence fundamental biophysics is having on the search for future energy sources, including new metabolic pathways for biofuels synthesis and Li-ion batteries.  

Chu then went on to say that if new alternative energy sources are really going to take off – then the government need to set directives that will force the current energy industries to make these changes happen – just like they did in the 50’s with frost-free refrigerators!!     

Take a look at the great energy research published in both PCCP and Energy & Environmental Science today

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Annual Biophysical Society Meeting

The 55th Annual Biophysical Society Meeting got off to a great start yesterday in Baltimore, USA

There was a very interesting session on Protein Dynamics – Experimental & Simulations covering a range of topics, but all the speakers agreed on the point that it is the use of computational methods alongside experimental evidence that is the key to solving the intricate details of protein folding. Each lecture also highlighted the importance of solid state NMR in this field…

…Take a look at the PCCP solid state structure prediction themed issue today!

Also watch out for our collection of high profile articles on protein folding coming soon, including  Perspective review articles covering the areas of theory, modelling and experimental studies in this fast moving area.

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Themed issue: Materials innovation through interfacial physics and chemistry

PCCP is delighted to present its high profile themed issue on Materials innovation through interfacial physics and chemistry

The issue is Guest Edited by Professor Katsuhiko Ariga, new PCCP Editorial Board member, and highlights some of the great work in this exciting area of chemistry.

The two eye-catching covers feature the work of Frank Caruso and colleagues (DOI: 10.1039/C0CP02287J) and Song, Shelnutt et al. (DOI: 10.1039/C0CP01930E).

The issue hosts an array of articles, including Communications, papers and these Perspective review articles:

Nanostructured polymer assemblies formed at interfaces: applications from immobilization and encapsulation to stimuli-responsive release
Yajun Wang, Leticia Hosta-Rigau, Hannah Lomas and Frank Caruso
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, 13, 4782

Operation of micro and molecular machines: a new concept with its origins in interface science
Katsuhiko Ariga, Shinsuke Ishihara, Hironori Izawa, Hong Xia and Jonathan P. Hill
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, 13, 4802

Nanoaggregate shapes at the air/water interface
D. Vollhardt, N. Nandi and S. Dutta Banik
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, 13, 4812

Take a look at the whole themed issue today!

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Investigating light-harvesting complexes

HOT’ PCCP paper – electronic spectra of light-harvesting complex II

light-harvestingSubsystem TDDFT calculations allow us to investigate structural, environmental, and excitonic effects in optical spectra of (mutated) light-harvesting complexes.

The authors report on a fully quantum chemical investigation of important structural and environmental effects on the site energies of chlorophyll pigments in green-plant light-harvesting complex II – which is very important for future energy research.

Read the ‘HOT’ paper today:

First-principles calculation of electronic spectra of light-harvesting complex II
Carolin König and Johannes Neugebauer
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/C0CP02808H

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Going to the Biophysical Society Meeting?

Then come and see us at the RSC Publishing booth 742!

Let us know if you are going to be there and visit our booth, where you can find out the latest news from PCCP and RSC Publishing – plus pick up some journal freebies!

I will be at the Biophysical Society Meeting in Baltimore and it would be great to meet you there!

Jane

Deputy Editor, PCCP

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Skin: the ultimate interface

HOT’ PCCP Perspective – evaluating the current pharmaceutical strategies used to overcome the ultimate interface: the human skin barrier

The outer layer of the skin, the stratum corneum, is a unique barrier membrane. On average it is only 20 μm thick (about a quarter the thickness of a normal sheet of paper) but it prevents us from losing excessive water and it protects us from our environment. It forms a special interface between our body, the air, water and various solids.

In order to understand the barrier properties of the skin we need to determine its structure at various levels ranging from the macroscopic scale to the molecular level. This has been made easier by the advances that there have been over the recent decade. However, the amount of a material that is capable of penetrating this excellent barrier and reaching the underlying systemic circulation is still only of the order of 1 or 2 per cent of the total applied dose.

skin barrierThe authors explore the strategies currently employed to promote skin permeation and to consider the most exciting approaches currently under investigation. The limitations of current methodology to examine the problem are discussed. New opportunities to fill the gaps in our current knowledge are identified and the importance of interdisciplinary research in the field is emphasised.

Read this exciting Perspective article:

Skin: the ultimate interface
Jonathan Hadgraft and Majella E. Lane
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/C0CP02943B


PCCP special collection

This Perspective is part of a special collection of articles in PCCP on Interfacial processes and mechanisms in celebration of John Albery’s 75th birthday. Watch out for this exciting collection which will be published in a few weeks!

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Misinterpretation of the nano-size effect?

HOT’ PCCP article – ‘Illusional’ high conductivity in nano-scale thin films

The nano-size effect, which indicates a drastic increase in conductivity in solid electrolyte materials of nano-scale microstructures, has drawn substantial attention in various research fields including in the field of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs).

 ‘Illusional’ nano-size effect However, especially in the cases of the conductivity of ultra-thin films measured in an in-plane configuration, it is highly possible that the ‘apparent’ conductivity increase originates from electrical current flowing through other conduction paths than the thin film. As a systematic study to interrogate those measurement artifacts, we report various sources of electrical current leaks regarding in-plane conductivity measurements, specifically insulators in the measurement set-up.

We have observed a ‘great conductivity increase’ up to an order of magnitude at a very thin thickness of a single layer yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) film in a set-up with an intentional artifact current flow source. Here we propose that the nano-size effect, reported to appear in ultra-thin single layer YSZ, can be a result of misinterpretation.

‘Illusional’ nano-size effect due to artifacts of in-plane conductivity measurements of ultra-thin films
Hae-Ryoung Kim, Jong-Cheol Kim, Kyung-Ryul Lee, Ho-Il Ji, Hae-Weon Lee, Jong-Ho Lee and Ji-Won Son
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/C0CP02673E

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Mystery of natural sunscreen solved

Spanish scientists have established how natural products protect plants from sun damage. The compounds could be used as active ingredients in sunscreens.

Using computational techniques on palythine – a compound found in coral – as a model compound, Diego Sampedro at the University of La Rioja, Logroño, investigated what happens to the molecule after it absorbs UV light.

Mystery of natural sunscreen solved

Sampedro found that when UV light was shone on palythine, the molecule rapidly dissipated the light energy into heat energy without forming reactive, harmful, photoproducts. He looked at the mechanism in detail on both the protonated and neutral forms of palythine, as scientists were unsure which form was active in the coral. He found that both forms underwent a bond rotation to transform light into heat energy, but the protonated form was responsible for the main absorption of the radiation.

Mike Robb of Imperial College, London, an expert in computational chemistry, praises the timeliness of the study. “MAAs are already being studied as industrial photostabilisers. Understanding the details of the mechanism should help in the design of such species”.

Want to find out more?

Read the rest of the Chemistry World story by Yuandi Li

Or view the PCCP article by Diego Sampedro:
Computational exploration of natural sunscreens
Diego Sampedro, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011
DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02901g

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Physical Chemistry Awards – The Winners

Yesterday the RSC Faraday Division Physical Chemistry Awards Symposium was held at Cardiff University, and we wish to congratulate the winners!

  • Angelos Michaelides – Marlow Award
  • Avelino Corma – Centenary Prize
  • Robert Thomas – Surfaces and Interfaces Award

It is also great to see that two of the winners feature at the top of the latest PCCP Top 10, take a look at their Perspectives today:

Theory of gold on ceria
Changjun Zhang, Angelos Michaelides and Stephen J. Jenkins
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, 13, 22-33

Titania supported gold nanoparticles as photocatalyst
Ana Primo, Avelino Corma and Hermenegildo García
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, 13, 886-910

The PCCP and Faraday Discussions team send our congratulations to all the winners!

Find out more about upcoming Physical Chemistry Award symposia www.rsc.org/ConferencesAndEvents

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Top Ten most-read PCCP articles in January

The latest top ten most accessed PCCP articles

See the most-read papers of January 2011 here:

Theory of gold on ceria
Changjun Zhang, Angelos Michaelides and Stephen J. Jenkins, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, 13, 22-33
DOI: 10.1039/C0CP01123A

Ana Primo, Avelino Corma and Hermenegildo García, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, 13, 886-910
DOI: 10.1039/C0CP00917B
 
Li-Jun Wan, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, 13, 1923-1924
DOI: 10.1039/C0CP90160A
 
Anna M. Chizhik, Regina Jäger, Alexey I. Chizhik, Sebastian Bär, Hans-Georg Mack, Marcus Sackrow, Catrinel Stanciu, Alexey Lyubimtsev, Michael Hanack and Alfred J. Meixner, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, 13, 1722-1733
DOI: 10.1039/C0CP02228D
 
Richard Hildner, Daan Brinks, Fernando D. Stefani and Niek F. van Hulst, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, 13, 1888-1894
DOI: 10.1039/C0CP02231D
 
Marco Ranocchiari and Jeroen Anton van Bokhoven, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C0CP02394A
 
Yan-Wen Tan and Haw Yang, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, 13, 1709-1721
DOI: 10.1039/C0CP02412K
 
Ferdi Schüth, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, 13, 2447-2448
DOI: 10.1039/C1CP90005F
 
Albert F. Carley, David J. Morgan, Nianxue Song, M. Wyn Roberts, Stuart H. Taylor, Jonathan K. Bartley, David J. Willock, Kara L. Howard and Graham J. Hutchings, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, 13, 2528-2538
DOI: 10.1039/C0CP01852J
 
Christopher J. Cramer and Donald G. Truhlar, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2009, 11, 10757-10816
DOI: 10.1039/B907148B
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