Shannon Faley, Bradly Baer, Matthew Richardson, Taylor Larsen, and Leon M. Bellan*
Vanderbilt University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nashville TN, 37235, USA
Why is this useful?
The majority of microfluidic applications require an external pumping mechanism. Multi-channel, individually addressable pumps are expensive, often large, and prone to failure when operated inside cell culture incubators at 95% humidity. The number of experiments that can be run at a given time is limited by the availability and expense of pumps. Perfusing artificial tissue scaffolds containing engineered vasculature requires long-term (days to weeks) continuous flow at low rates. We designed an inexpensive (~$100 for 2 pumps, ~$70 for each additional set of 2 pumps) peristaltic pumping system using an Arduino- controlled stepper motor fitted with a custom 3D-printed pump head and laser-cut mounting bracket. Each pump has a footprint roughly that of the NEMA 17 stepper motor and is easily controlled individually using open source software. Up to 64 motor shields can be stacked for a given Arduino Uno R3, each capable of supporting two stepper motors, and thus has the expansion potential to control 128 pumps in parallel. We have successfully implemented two stacked motor shields driving four independent stepper motors. Flow rate is dependent upon both tubing diameter and step rate. We found flow rates to range between ~50-250 μl/min for 1/16” tubing and ~500-1500 μl/min for 1/4″ tubing. We anticipate that this pump design will likely prove more resilient to incubator humidity compared to standard peristaltic pump powered by DC motors. Since implementation, these pumps have functioned without fail for 3 months (intermittent) under humid conditions. In the event of failure, however, cost of motor replacement is an economical $14.
What do I need?
Materials:
- Nema 17 stepper motor ($14, spec, vendor)
- Arduino Uno R3 Controller ($25, spec, vendor)
- Arduino Motor Shield ($20, spec, vendor)
- M3 machine screws (4) & hex bolts (4) ($1, McMaster-Carr)
- DB9 Male & Female Solder Connectors ($9, StarTech)
- 18AWG 4C speaker cable ($10, Monoprice)
- Spring steel
- ABS Filament
- 6-32 machine screws & square nuts (3) ($1, McMaster-Carr)
Equipment:
- 3D printer
- Laser/Metal cutter
- Soldering iron & solder
- Butane torch
What do I do?
Pump head fabrication:
- Using ABS filament, 3D print pump head from file pumphead.crt.9
- Cut three 15 mm (length) sections from rigid ¼” tubing to serve as rollers.
- Use the three 6-32 machine screws and square nuts to assemble the tubing to pump head as shown in Figure 3.
Mounting bracket fabrication:
- Using bracket template file (2000 Pump Mount v4) and laser cutting facilities, produce a mounting bracket from spring steel, or other appropriate metal. Note that the score line bisecting the bracket is intended to be cut at a lower power. This line is just a marker to show where to bend the bracket in the following step.
- Using handheld butane torch, heat mounting bracket along score line and bend with pliers. Repeat until mounting bracket forms a right angle (see Figure 1).
Motor Electrical Wiring: (see figure 4 for example orientation)
- Solder motor wires to DB9 Male Connector
- Solder one end of speaker wire to DB9 Female Connector
- Connect opposite end of speaker wire to Arduino Motor shield
Pump Assembly:
- Use M3 machine screws to attach mounting bracket to stepper motor, with corresponding hex nuts as spacers between motor and bracket.
- Press fit pump head onto rotor shaft.
- Connect motor to Arduino using DB9 connectors
Arduino/Motor Shield Assembly:
- Follow assembly instructions provided by adafruit.com (https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-motor-shield-v2-for-arduino/stacking-shields). See also Figure 5.
Computer Control:
1. See online resources for easy starter code (https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-motor-shield-v2-for-arduino/install-software)
2. Load example code to control 2 stacked motor shields running four independent pumps simultaneously. (foursteppers_v2.ino)
3. Start pumping! See video clip for multi-pump demonstration:
Please click here to download the DIY Peristaltic Pump Files
There seems to be some problem with links to the necessary files. For those who would like them, we are hosting the files at https://my.vanderbilt.edu/bellanlab/files/2013/07/DIYPumpFiles.zip
We also have code that incorporates a touchscreen interface to control the pumps; please contact me if interested.
I am interested in seeing the code for the touchscreen interface. Can you also provide the part number for the touchscreen? Thank you!
Can we get a source or a name for the grommets holding the tubing in place in the channels of the mounting bracket?
There have been several requests for information about the tubing and associated connectors. The tubing and fittings shown in the picture were sourced from a similar peristaltic pump made by Traceable Products (https://traceable.com/products/pumps-flow/3384.html see accessories and tubing sets, i.e. https://traceable.com/3370.html ). We would imagine that it should be possible to assemble something similar using barbed fittings from Cole Parmer (http://www.coleparmer.com/Category/Barbed_Fittings/1446) or McMaster-Carr (http://www.mcmaster.com/#standard-barbed-tube-fittings/=yhakxr) and zip ties or hose clamps and perhaps washers if needed. It should also be possible to change the bracket pattern slightly to accommodate different fittings.
I’m trying to 3d print the pump head, but the schematic is a solidworks part file and my 3d printer only accepts .STL or .gcode files. I don’t have solidworks, and as far as I could find there’s no easy way to convert from .prt to those file types. Would it be possible for someone to convert the part and make it available in one of those formats?
The ZIP file on our website should now include a STL file as well as the PRT file.
The ZIP file on our website now also includes a STL file for a 6-roller version of the pumphead that provides smoother pumping. Enjoy!
Hi there, although I am entirely in other bussines here in Slovenia, my hoby is just electronics, specially stepper motor drivers. Your post is just amazing. I am missing something or I just don’t see your contact info here?
Hi,
I just wanted to ask for clarification of the tube sizing. It is 1/16″ ID or OD?
I am having an issue with setting up the pump. I have cut the three section as instructed, but they just don’t fit once i try to put up the machine. Any ideas? link
I’m attempting to download the files for the pump head, but the files seem to be missing.
You can find the ZIP file at our website at
https://my.vanderbilt.edu/bellanlab/resources/
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Regarding comment #4, I have found the tube fitting assembly for a much lower price at VWR: Item # 36934-128:
https://us.vwr.com/store/catalog/product.jsp?catalog_number=36934-128
Thank you for these valuable instructions.
glen
Where can I get a copy of the touchscreen code mentioned above?
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Thank you for making and sharing this pump and thank you for being responsive to the comments! We appreciate it.
In the image you’ve shown on your website (https://my.vanderbilt.edu/bellanlab/resources/) the image shows a pump with multiple tubes in all 4 directions. These tubes appear to have 3D printed fittings. Could you please share the design files for those fittings?
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