Analyst Blog

Overview of DNA Detection Using Fiber Optic Biosensor

Ming-jie Yin and others from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University in China have made the latest stride towards development of label-free fiber-optic biosensors for DNA detection.

Their new design involves fabrication of a DNA sensor as part of a thin sensing film on the surface of a thin-core fiber modal interferometer (TCFMI) to measure differences in refractive-index upon detection of target DNA sequences. The research team makes use of a layer-by-layer self-assembly approach, which enables controlled tunability in preparation of the sensing film.

Unlike many other reported fiber-optic biosensing methods, this current strategy confers the advantages of high detection sensitivity, lower cost and ease in preparation.

Read more about the latest discovery by accessing the link below. This article will be free to read until March 6th.

Label-free, disposable fiber-optic biosensors for DNA hybridization detection
Ming-jie Yin ,  Chuang Wu ,  Li-yang Shao ,  Wing Kin Edward Chan ,  A. Ping Zhang ,  Chao Lu and Hwa-yaw Tam
Analyst, 2013, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C3AN36791F

In the latest issue of Analyst we have some wonderful HOT articles for you to read. They cover a wide variety of topics including iodine determination by optical emission spectrometry, detection of trinitrotoluene in seawater, and immunosensors for surface plasmon field-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy in serum.

If you want to know more about the latest discoveries published in Analyst, take a look at the papers below, they will be free to read until February 28th.

Iodine excitation in a dielectric barrier discharge micro-plasma and its determination by optical emission spectrometry
Yong-Liang Yu ,  Shuai Dou ,  Ming-Li Chen and Jian-Hua Wang
Analyst, 2013, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C2AN36780G

Graphenes prepared from multi-walled carbon nanotubes and stacked graphene nanofibers for detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in seawater
Shu Min Tan ,  Chun Kiang Chua and Martin Pumera
Analyst, 2013, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C3AN00089C

Graphene nanopfibers for detection of trinitrotoluene

A mixed alkanethiol based immunosensor for surface plasmon field-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy in serum
Andreas Scholten ,  Bernhard Menges ,  Martin Juebner ,  Markus A. Rothschild and Katja Bender
Analyst, 2013, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C3AN35657D

Facile formation of folic acid-modified dendrimer-stabilized gold–silver alloy nanoparticles for potential cellular computed tomography imaging applications
Hui Liu ,  Mingwu Shen ,  Jinglong Zhao ,  Jingyi Zhu ,  Tingting Xiao ,  Xueyan Cao ,  Guixiang Zhang and Xiangyang Shi
Analyst, 2013, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C3AN36649A

In-process phase growth measurement technique in the fabrication of monolithic porous layer open tubular (monoPLOT) columns using capacitively coupled contactless conductivity
David A. Collins ,  Ekaterina P. Nesterenko ,  Dermot Brabazon and Brett Paull
Analyst, 2013, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C3AN00133D

Using nanoparticles for diagnosis and drug release

A vast array of illnesses can be diagnosed by detecting specific proteins or fragments of DNA in the body. But is it possible to build a 2-in-1 system which both detects a disease and provides treatment?

Researchers at Nankai University, China, have created the first functioning system for simultaneous diagnosis and controlled drug release, a so-called “diagnospy” carrier.   To demonstrate the concept, De-Ming Kong and co-workers constructed a mesoporous phosphonate-TiO₂ nanoparticle scaffold loaded with ibuprofen. The amino groups on the phosphonates hold fluorescein-labelled single strands of DNA in place over the porous surface, trapping the drug molecules inside. When a complementary target strand is present, a displacement reaction uncaps the pores and the drug is released.

This mechanism relies on the highly specific affinity between complementary strands of DNA, or between proteins and their aptamers, resulting in a very sensitive detection and drug delivery system. The simultaneous sense-and-release approach is hoped to make treatments more efficient and convenient for patients in the future.

To find out more, please access the full article below. It will be free to read for the next two weeks.

Mesoporous phosphonate-TiO₂ nanoparticles for simultaneous bioresponsive sensing and controlled drug release
Hui Li,  Tian-Yi Ma,  De-Ming Kong and Zhong-Yong Yuan
Analyst, 2013, 138, 1084-1090
DOI: 10.1039/C2AN36631B

The cell effectively uses the mechanism of pH fluctuation as a form of regulatory control for diverse physiological functions. Over the years, optical based methods have been used to develop chemosensors to measure the dynamics of intracellular pH, some of which have demonstrated considerable potential for biological applications.

Wei Huang and colleagues from the Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China, have developed the latest optical pH probes by making use of cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes, a well known phosphorescent emitter. Huang’s group has expanded the repertoire of useful chemosensors by synthesizing and characterizing the photophysical properties of two iridium (III) complexes using a novel substituent, carboxylic-acid.

Find out more about their discovery by accessing the link below. This paper will be free to read for the next two weeks.

Effect of pH on the photophysical properties of two new carboxylic-substituted iridium(III) complexes
Jiena Weng ,  Qunbo Mei ,  Weiwei Jiang ,  Quli Fan ,  Bihai Tong ,  Qidan Ling and Wei Huang
Analyst, 2013, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C2AN36298H

pH effect on carboxylic-substituted iridium(III) complex

Along with Analyst Issue 5, here is a list of selected HOT articles for you to read all about. Topics vary from lipid imaging by mass spectrometry to determination of drugs by titanium oxide nanoparticles. Featured below are the work of Asit Baran Mandal and colleagues who present a new single molecular FRET-based sensor for determination of iron, and a study from the National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan, on direct monitoring of chemical transformations. All these papers will be free to read until February 28th. Have a read now!

Lipid imaging by mass spectrometry – a review
David Gode and Dietrich A. Volmer
Analyst, 2013,138, 1289-1315
DOI: 10.1039/C2AN36337B

Single molecular FRET-based sensor for detection of Fe2+

A highly selective and efficient single molecular FRET based sensor for ratiometric detection of Fe3+ ions
Narendra Reddy Chereddy ,  Sathiah Thennarasu and Asit Baran Mandal
Analyst, 2013,138, 1334-1337
DOI: 10.1039/C3AN36577H

Impact of charge state on gas-phase behaviors of noncovalent protein complexes in collision induced dissociation and surface induced dissociation
Mowei Zhou ,  Shai Dagan and Vicki H. Wysocki
Analyst, 2013,138, 1353-1362
DOI: 10.1039/C2AN36525A

TLC with MALDI-MS to monitor chemical transformations

Direct monitoring of chemical transformations by combining thin layer chromatography with nanoparticle-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Chun-Chi Chen ,  Yung-Lin Yang ,  Chun-Lin Ou ,  Chih-Hung Chou ,  Chih-Chuang Liaw and Po-Chiao Lin
Analyst, 2013,138, 1379-1385
DOI: 10.1039/C2AN36423A

Mass spectrometry sequencing of transfer ribonucleic acids by the comparative analysis of RNA digests (CARD) approach
Siwei Li and Patrick A. Limbach
Analyst, 2013,138, 1386-1394
DOI: 10.1039/C2AN36515D 

Adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of imipramine, trimipramine and desipramine employing titanium dioxide nanoparticles and an Amberlite XAD-2 modified glassy carbon paste electrode
Bankim J. Sanghavi and Ashwini K. Srivastava
Analyst, 2013,138, 1395-1404
DOI: 10.1039/C2AN36330E

Electrical, enzymatic graphene biosensing of 5-aminosalicylic acid
Pratima Labroo and Yue Cui
Analyst, 2013,138, 1325-1328
DOI: 10.1039/C3AN36660J

Ruqin Yu and colleagues from the University of Hunan, China, have developed a label-free fluorescent detection system for glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (Cys). 

Hg2+ mediated fluorescent sensing strategy for detection of GSH and Cys

Three key interactions are necessary for the development of this assay: two single stranded DNA with thymine-thymine (T•T) mismatches stabilised in the presence of Hg2+, GSH and Cys interaction with Hg2+ with much higher binding affinity than T•T mismatches, and interaction of N-methyl porphyrin IX (MMP) with G-quadruplex structures, which leads to increased fluorescence.
The researchers  judiciously designed two sequences of DNA such that inter-molecular T•T mismatches were stabilised in the presence of Hg2+, inhibiting one of the stands from forming a G-quadruplex.  When the Hg2+ interacts with GSH or Cys, an intramolecular G-quadruplex is formed.  The G-quadruplex interacts with the NMM producing a marked increase in fluorescence.  Contrarily, in the absence of GSH and Cys, the Hg2+ is available to stabilise the mismatched duplex, the G-quadruplex is not formed, no NMM binding occurs and no fluorescent increase is observed.

This system was successfully used to detect GSH or Cys from protein extracted from human serum samples. To read more about this work, please access the full article below. It will be free to read until February 28th.

A Hg2+-mediated label-free fluorescent sensing strategy based on G-quadruplex formation for selective detection of glutathione and cysteine
Jingjin Zhao ,  Chunfei Chen ,  Liangliang Zhang ,  Jianhui Jiang ,  Guoli Shen and Ruqin Yu
Analyst, 2013, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C3AN36657J

Take a look at this great list of selected HOT articles we’ve recently published in Analyst! They cover a wide range of topics including adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of antidepressants, FRET-based sensors for ratiometric detection of iron, and direct monitoring of chemical transformations by thin layer chromatography combined to nanoparticle-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.

Impact of charge state on gas-phase behaviors of noncovalent protein complexes in collision induced dissociation and surface induced dissociation
Mowei Zhou ,  Shai Dagan and Vicki H. Wysocki
Analyst, 2013, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C2AN36525A

Amide I vibrational mode suppression in surface (SERS) and tip (TERS) enhanced Raman spectra of protein specimens
Dmitry Kurouski ,  Thomas Postiglione ,  Tanja Deckert-Gaudig ,  Volker Deckert and Igor K. Lednev
Analyst, 2013, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C2AN36478F

Adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of imipramine, trimipramine and desipramine employing titanium dioxide nanoparticles and an Amberlite XAD-2 modified glassy carbon paste electrode
Bankim J. Sanghavi and Ashwini K. Srivastava
Analyst, 2013, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C2AN36330E

Direct monitoring of chemical transformations by combining thin layer chromatography with nanoparticle-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Chun-Chi Chen ,  Yung-Lin Yang ,  Chun-Lin Ou ,  Chih-Hung Chou ,  Chih-Chuang Liaw and Po-Chiao Lin
Analyst, 2013, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C2AN36423A

A highly selective and efficient single molecular FRET based sensor for ratiometric detection of Fe3+ ions
Narendra Reddy Chereddy ,  Sathiah Thennarasu and Asit Baran Mandal
Analyst, 2013, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C3AN36577H

Antibody orientation on biosensor surfaces.

We also have an interesting minireview on antibody orientation on biosensor surfaces. Han Zuilhof and colleagues from The Netherlands discuss the most recent approaches for immobilzation of antibodies on surfaces and review protein modification methods applicable for oriented antibody immobilization. To read the full article, please access the link below:

Antibody orientation on biosensor surfaces: a minireview
Anke K. Trilling ,  Jules Beekwilder and Han Zuilhof
Analyst, 2013, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C2AN36787D

For cancer patients, the course of treatment is a critical factor that determines their rate of survival. The use of imatinib-mesylate (IMA) for instance, has successfully induced remission in most patients suffering from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The IMA drug and its derivatives effectively inhibit abnormal tyrosine kinase activity of key oncoproteins. However, many of these patients develop resistance to IMA-based drugs due to mutations that arise in the oncoproteins. While new drug development is currently underway, methods that can predict drug response are invaluable in order to determine the degree of drug-resistance.

Giuseppe Bellisola and colleagues from the University of Verona, Italy, combined the ability of Fourier Transform Infrared microspectroscopy (microFTIR) and unsupervised Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) to assess drug-resistance in cancer cells.

Overview of microFTIR and HCA

To find out more about this study, check out the link below:

Rapid recognition of drug-resistance/sensitivity in leukemic cells by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy and unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis
Giuseppe Bellisola ,  Gianfelice Cinque ,  Marzia Vezzalini ,  Elisabetta Moratti ,  Giovannino Silvestri ,  Sara Redaelli ,  Carlo Gambacorti Passerini ,  Katia Wehbe and Claudio Sorio
Analyst, 2013, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C2AN36393C

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the so called “superbug”, can now be identified in a single disposable fluidic cartridge, say scientists at the Louisiana State University.

Microfluidic system for MRSA detection: air-embedded waveguide, coupling prism and DNA universal array

MRSA is one of the major causes of hospital-acquired infections and is considered a “superbug” because of its resistance to several antibiotics.
In this article, Stephen Soper and his team introduce an integrated modular-based microfluidic system for MRSA identification. This would enable differentiation of community-acquired MRSA from hospital-acquired MRSA based on the presence of specific genes for Staphylococci. The modular microfluidic cartridge screens 5 genes simultaneously performing multiplexed PCRs in a continuous flow format.
MSRA detection usually uses culture techniques which require 2-3 days for identification. According to the authors, this system can now identify MRSA strains in less than 40 minutes and detect the “superbug” directly from a mixture of Staphylococci.
MRSA is the most out of control antimicrobial resistant pathogen in US hospitals. The rapid and reliable detection of the superbug is crucial not only for infection control, but also for effective treatment of patients, conclude the authors.

Identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using an integrated and modular microfluidic system
Yi-Wen Chen ,  Hong Wang ,  Mateusz Hupert and Steven A. Soper
Analyst, 2013,138, 1075-1083
DOI: 10.1039/C2AN36430A

Here are some more HOT articles for you to enjoy!

Take a look at the recent research published in Analyst. Topics include electrical biosensing for aminosalycilic acid, new spectral biomarkers to distinguish different stages of cancer and rapid detection of ketamine in urine and oral fluid samples. To know all about the latest discoveries, click on the links below. These papers will be free to read until February 8th.

Biosensing of 5-ASA based on a peroxidase-immobilized graphene sensor on a microfluidic paper

Accounting for misalignments and thermal fluctuations in Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy experiments on membranes
Luigi Sanguigno ,  Chiara Cosenza ,  Filippo Causa and Paolo Netti
Analyst, 2013, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C2AN36681A

Electrical, enzymatic graphene biosensing of 5-aminosalicylic acid
Pratima Labroo and Yue Cui
Analyst, 2013, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C3AN36660J

Biospectroscopy insights into the multi-stage process of cervical cancer development: probing for spectral biomarkers in cytology to distinguish grades
Nikhil C Purandare ,  Imran I Patel ,  Julio Trevisan ,  Noel Bolger ,  Ronan Kellehan ,  Gunther von Bunau ,  Pierre L Martin-Hirsch ,  Walter Prendiville and Francis L Martin
Analyst, 2013, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C3AN36527A

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to distinguish grades of dysplasia

Rapid detection and quantitation of ketamine and norketamine in urine and oral fluid by wooden-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Pui-Kin So ,  Tsz-Tsun Ng ,  Haixing Wang ,  Bin Hu and Zhong-Ping Yao
Analyst, 2013, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C3AN36641C

Highly Efficient Ionization of Phosphopeptides at Low pH by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Ning Pan ,  Pengyuan Liu ,  Weidong Cui ,  Bo Tang ,  Jing-Min Shi and Hao Chen
Analyst, 2013, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C3AN36737A