Battery Material Mining and Recycling: Environmental Impacts, Challenges and Green Solutions themed collection

Research into the extraction and recycling of materials and minerals for batteries is crucial for protecting our environment and to promote sustainable resource use. Understanding the environmental impacts and challenges associated with these activities, such as health implications for local populations exposed to air and water pollution, biodiversity loss from mining and recycling activities, and the distinct environmental effects of deep-sea versus land-based mining, can support with the development of sustainable and more efficient practices. Guest-edited by Jennifer Dunn (Northwestern University) and Juliana Segura-Salazar (The University of Queensland), this gold open-access themed collection highlights the environmental impact of mining and recycling of minerals and metals from batteries, also publishing papers at the social-environmental science interface. Please enjoy the articles in the collection below.

Sustainable copper mining: a pathway to emission reduction through renewable energy

Mohsen Rabbani, Sima Nikfar, Seyedkamal Mousavinezhad, Sheida Nili, Ario Fahimi, Carl Nesbitt, Ehsan Vahidi*

Environ. Sci.: Adv. (2025) 4 (7): 1035–1044, DOI: 10.1039/d5va00043b

 

Due to the importance of copper in battery production, this study was done to determine the environmental impact of copper production, focusing on heap leaching as one of the primary methods to produce copper.
Summary of emissions and their life-cycle impacts of 19 critical mineral mines in the U.S.

Life cycle inventory data for critical mineral mining: recommendations and new U.S. data compendium

Jenna N. Trost, Daniel Zitomer, Natalia Gutiérrez Rodríguez and Jennifer B. Dunn*

Environ. Sci.: Adv. (2026) 5 (2): 522–533, DOI: 10.1039/d5va00188a

 

Process intensification by resonant vibratory mixing for samarium–cobalt magnet leaching with deep eutectic solvents

Zainab Nasrullah*, Frank Agyemang, Mehran Saddat, Richard LaDouceur

Environ. Sci.: Adv. (2026) 5 (2): 510–521, DOI: 10.1039/d5va00283d

 

Selective and sustainable Sm and Co separation from scrap magnets using green deep eutectic solvent leaching intensified by resonant vibratory mixing.
This study examines a life cycle analysis of the production of synthetic graphite battery anode material in the United States. Energy, greenhouse gas, and water life cycle analysis of synthetic graphite anode production in the United States

Ramsharan Pandey, Ulises R. Gracida-Alvarez, Rakesh K. Iyer and Jarod C. Kelly*

Environ. Sci.: Adv. (2025) 4 (12): 2055–2068, DOI: 10.1039/d5va00171d

 

Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide particles cause developmental neurotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans

Roi Faroud Lopez, Javier Huayta, Gordon D. Z. Williams, Sarah A. Seay, Pooja D. Lalwani, Sasha N. Bacot, Avner Vengosh, Joel N. Meyer*

Environ. Sci.: Adv. (2025) 4 (11): 1767–1781, DOI: 10.1039/d5va00103j

 

Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 during development show neuronal damage, linking lithium battery cathode particles to neurodegeneration.
This study comprehensively investigates the life cycle emissions of automotive lithium-ion batteries across various chemistries, drawing on previous studies and incorporating state-of-the art insights and results. Comparative analysis of systematic variations in life cycle analysis of lithium-ion batteries for automotive applications 

Siddharth Shukla*, Kang Shen, Rakesh K. Iyer, Jarod C. Kelly 

Environ. Sci.: Adv. (2026) 5 (8): 1878–1893, DOI: 10.1039/d5va00190k