Archive for August, 2015

Flushing advice is flawed

Instructions given to the public by water companies and other authorities in the aftermath of chemical contaminations are inconsistent and not validated by science. So say scientists in the US who are developing models to understand complex plumbing systems to ensure consumers get the best guidance on how to regain access to safe drinking water.

In the last two years, more than a million people in Canada and the US have been affected by similar incidents. Large-scale water contamination incidents are not uncommon, yet there has been little research into purification procedures.


Read the full article in Chemistry World!


Read the original research paper in Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology:
Decontaminating chemically contaminated residential premise plumbing systems by flushing

K. S. Casteloes, R. H. Brazeau and A. J. Whelton
Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.
, 2015, Advance Article
DOI:
10.1039/C5EW00118H, Paper


*Access is free through a registered RSC account
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30th Annual WateReuse Symposium

Celebrating 30 Years of Securing Our Water Future!
Scientifically-proven advances in water technology allow us to treat any water clean enough for any use, including industrial, irrigation, and drinking. For the past 30 years, the Annual WateReuse Symposium has been the place to get the information you need to develop the right water for the right use.

Don’t miss this year’s Symposium to get even more:

  • Case studies of innovative projects
  • Updates on technology innovation
  • Highlights of cutting-edge research
  • Water treatment insight
  • Legislative and regulatory perspective

Come for the experience. Leave with the knowledge you need.

30th Annual WateReuse Symposium
Sheraton Seattle
Seattle, WA
September 13-16, 2015
www.watereuse.org/symposium

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Analyzing prioritized indicator compounds of TOrC in wastewater using rapid direct injection method

Trace organic compounds (TOrCs) – potential risks to public health

Running water from tap

TOrCs in drinking water can be present at low levels - with potential harmful risk to public health.

To evaluate drinking water quality, one needs to consider physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. Physical and chemical parameters can be heavy metals, turbidity and trace organic compounds for instance, whilst viruses, parasites and bacteria are microbiological parameters.

Trace organic compounds originate from pesticides, pharmaceuticals, industrial compounds, chlorinated flame retardants and consumer product chemicals such as household chemicals, amongst others. TOrCs in water can be present at low levels but with potential harmful risk to public health. Due to the potential harmful risk, TOrCs are highlighted in the World Health organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water quality.

Diving into the unknown

Wastewater discharge is the main contributor to TOrCs in drinking water, one reason being that these compounds are poorly attenuated in conventional water treatment processes. There are several hundred identified TOrCs, with numerous new organic chemicals being released daily. To monitor all these compounds is unfeasible, which is the reason we need to establish prioritized indicator compounds.

Rapid direct injection methods

By doing a detailed literature review and using a scoring system, Tarun Anumol and colleagues from University of Arizona present new research where they established 20 prioritized indicator TOrC which can be detected with a rapid direct injection method.

A rapid direct injection method for examining wastewater is beneficial for many reasons:
  • Minimal sample preparation reduces the risk for contamination – conventional analysis of these compounds is challenging with various sample extraction and several human intervention steps, which increase contamination risks and reduce accuracy and reproducibility.
  • Rapid direct injection methods increase efficiency and  functions with low sample volume – the method only needs one injection and < 100 μL sample volume while providing reporting limits of 3-39 ng L-1(302 ng L-1 for sucralose), minimal sample preparation increases efficiency.

By analyzing effluent from four different wastewater treatment plants, the 20 prioritized TOrC were detected in three out of four effluents. Certain of the prioritized TOrCs are also effective indicators for seasonal variability, consumption patterns and treatment process efficiency.

Trace organic compounds to waste-water discharge to drinking water

Trace organic compounds are poorly attenuated in conventional water treatment processes and wastewater discharge is the main contributor to TOrCs in drinking water.

The research by Tarun Anumol and colleagues provides knowledge and guidance towards effective wastewater monitoring schemes to detect trace organic compounds, an important piece of the puzzle towards increased drinking water quality.

You can read the full paper for free* using the link below:

Tarun Anumol, Shimkin Wu, Mauricius Marques dos Santos, Kevin D. Daniels and Shane A. Snyder.
Env. Sci: Water Res. Technol. 2015, Advance Article.
DOI: 10.1039/c5ew00080g.

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About the webwriter

Jesper Agrelius is a MSc student in Environmental Science at Linköping University, Sweden. His main interests regards environmental science, especially climate change and biogeochemistry. You can follow him on Twitter @JesperAgrelius.

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*Access is free through a registered RSC account.

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Emerging Investigators Series author: Krista Wigginton

Krista Rule Wigginton received her Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering from Virginia Tech under P. J. Vikesland (2008). She conducted postdoctoral research at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (2009–2010) under T. Kohn. She was an Assistant Professor of Environmental Engineering at the University of Maryland (2011–2012) and is now an Assistant Professor of Environmental Engineering and the Borchardt and Glysson Water Treatment Faculty Scholar at the University of Michigan. Her main research interests involve the detection and fate of emerging biological contaminants in drinking and wastewater treatment.

Read Krista’s Emerging Investigators article ‘the source and fate of pandemic viruses in the urban water cycle’ here.

How has your research evolved from your first to your most recent article?
My first article as an undergraduate researcher was on the synthesis of fluorinated organic compounds. This paper is on emerging viruses in the water environment. So my research has definitely evolved since I was an undergraduate student! I still consider myself an organic chemist, but now I study how viruses, which are essentially large organic molecules, behave in natural and engineered environments.

What aspect of your research are you most excited about at the moment?
I’m really enjoying the work we’re doing on environmental viruses. I started working with viruses towards the end of my Ph.D., and I’m still fascinated by them. There is so much we don’t know about the types, concentrations, and fate of human viruses in the environment. Right now, we have projects on human noroviruses, poliovirus, and coronaviruses, and we’re even starting a collaboration studying pig viruses.

What do you see as the biggest challenge or threat to global water supplies?
There are so many challenges to global water supplies, but so much is routed in human behavior. We know where to find water, we know the basics of how to clean water, and we know how to conserve water. The big challenge for scientists and engineers lies in helping the public and policy makers put this knowledge to practice.

In which upcoming conferences may our readers meet you?
I’m co-organizing a session on microorganism fate and detection at the upcoming ACS meeting in Boston. I’ll also be giving a talk on enveloped viruses at the IWA International Symposium of Health-Related Water Microbiology in Lisbon this September.

How do you spend your spare time?
Right now, most of my spare time is dedicated to my two children Lucille (3 years) and Max (1 year). They help me keep my life balanced.  I like to cook, garden, and my guilty pleasure is binge watching TV seasons on Netflix.

Which profession would you choose if you were not a scientist?
Hmm, that’s tough. I took flying lessons in high school and really enjoyed it, so I’ll just say pilot.

Can you share one piece of career-related advice/wisdom with other early career scientists?
With so few academic positions available for scientists and engineers, I think early career researchers need to be open to and prepared for more than one career path. I tried to keep as many doors open as possible all the way up to the point when I received an offer for an assistant professor position. I love my job, but I think I could have been just as happy working in consulting or for the government. Having options is good.

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Emerging Investigators Series – Open Call for Applications

We are delighted to announce a new initiative in which we wish to highlight the very best work from environmental scientists, working in the area of water engineering and technology, who are in the early stages of their independent career. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology has created an on-going Emerging Investigators Series that will feature articles published by up-and-coming researchers who have been identified as having the potential to influence future directions in water research and technology.

Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology showcases high quality research and innovative technologies that promote sustainable water resources. The journal provides a comprehensive and relevant forum that unites the diverse communities and disciplines conducting water research relevant to engineered systems and the built environment.

This is an open call for applications to the Series. Environmental scientists who have completed their PhD (or equivalent degree) within the last 10 years, and have an independent career, can apply to have their research highlighted in the Emerging Investigators Series.

To make an application please email eswater-rsc@rsc.org with the following information:

  • Your name, affiliation, position and contact details
  • Your up-to-date CV (no longer than 2 pages), which should include a summary of education and career, a list of relevant publications, any notable awards, honours or professional activities in the field, and a website URL if relevant
  • A synopsis of the article intended to be submitted to the Series, including a tentative submission date. This can be an original research article (Communication or Full Paper) or a review-type article (Critical Review, Frontier Review or Tutorial Review). Please see the journal website for more information on our article types.

Applications will be reviewed by the Executive Editor, Editor-in-Chief and members of the Editorial Board. The selection criteria for the Emerging Investigators Series will be based on the following:

  • Innovation and impact of research program
  • Quality of publications and/or patents and/or software
  • Profile within institute and/or community

Please note that articles submitted to the journal for the Series will undergo the usual peer-review process, and no guarantees of publication can be given to successful applicants.

In return, successful applicants will receive additional visibility of their research through the inclusion of their article in a high profile themed collection on the journal website, a feature interview on the journal blog devoted to the investigator’s research program (read the latest interviews here), and the offer of discounted membership to the Royal Society of Chemistry, at an appropriate level of membership, for the first year.

Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology authors also benefit from rapid publication times, a simple and user-friendly online submission process and all articles are in colour, free of charge.

Contact and further information
Sarah Ruthven, Executive Editor
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology
Royal Society of Chemistry
Thomas Graham House, Science Park,
Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WF, UK
Tel: +44 (0) 1223 432129
Email: eswater-rsc@rsc.org

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Top 10 most accessed Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology articles from April – June 2015

From April – June 2015, our most downloaded Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology articles were:

Casey Forrestal, Zachary Stoll, Pei Xu and Zhiyong Jason Ren
DOI: 10.1039/c4ew00050a

Munmun Mukherjee and Sirshendu De
DOI: 10.1039/c4ew00094c

M. Rodríguez Arredondo, P. Kuntke, A. W. Jeremiasse, T. H. J. A. Sleutels, C. J. N. Buisman and A. ter Heijne
DOI: 10.1039/c4ew00066h

David T. Tan and Danmeng Shuai
DOI: 10.1039/c5ew90011e

Diana N. H. Tran, Shervin Kabiri, Ting Rui Sim and Dusan Losic
DOI: 10.1039/c5ew00035a

Somak Chatterjee and Sirshendu De
DOI: 10.1039/c4ew00075g

A. L. Smith, S. J. Skerlos and L. Raskin
DOI: 10.1039/c4ew00070f

Yufeng Cai, Wenming Shen, Jing Wei, Tzyy Haur Chong, Rong Wang, William B. Krantz, Anthony G. Fane and Xiao Hu
DOI: 10.1039/c4ew00073k

Jacob Lalley, Changseok Han, Gayathri Ram Mohan, Dionysios D. Dionysiou, Thomas F. Speth, Jay Garland and Mallikarjuna N. Nadagouda
DOI: 10.1039/c4ew00020j

Blain Paul, Vyom Parashar and Ajay Mishra
DOI: 10.1039/c4ew00034j

Interesting read? Let us know your thoughts below.

And remember, you can submit directly to Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology!

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