Archive for February, 2013

Capturing the potential of carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a problem. As a greenhouse gas it contributes towards global warming, and its ever-growing concentrations in the atmosphere are cited as a cause of anthropomorphic climate change. But now a team of researchers from the University of Bath have opened up the idea of using carbon dioxide as a useful potential feedstock; a useful chemical resource rather than a troublesome waste product.

Davide Mattia, who leads the research team, has taken inspiration from the well-known Fischer-Tropsh process, which uses an iron catalyst to react hydrogen with carbon monoxide, producing a mixture of alkanes that can be used as fuel. Mattia’s catalyst, which works with both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, is also iron based, taking the form of iron nanoparticles embedded on carbon nanotubes. It has a rather unique method of preparation, which is not only simpler to carry out, but results in a more effective catalyst.

To read the full story, story please visit Chemistry World.

High CO2 and CO conversion to hydrocarbons using bridged Fe nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes
Justin P. O’Byrne, Rhodri E. Owen, Daniel R. Minett, Sofia I. Pascu, Pawel K. Plucinski, Matthew D. Jones and Davide Mattia
Catal. Sci. Technol., 2013, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C3CY20854K

Digg This
Reddit This
Stumble Now!
Share on Facebook
Bookmark this on Delicious
Share on LinkedIn
Bookmark this on Technorati
Post on Twitter
Google Buzz (aka. Google Reader)

Noble metal brings activity to tin oxide

Posted on behalf of Sara Coles, Web-writer

James Wiswall and his colleagues, working with Professor Margaret Wooldridge at the University of Michigan, USA, have been studying catalytic propane combustion. This reaction has important implications for areas such as power generation (for example, integration of catalysts directly into the internal combustion engine combustion chamber) and removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from emissions.

The group used a stagnation-point flow reactor to study the catalytic activity of platinum, palladium, tin dioxide and 90 wt% SnO2–10 wt% Pt for the combustion of propane under a variety of reaction conditions. Preliminary results suggest that the 90 wt% SnO2–10 wt% Pt catalyst provides significant activity and has similar trends in activity as a function of stagnation-plane temperature to those of Pt and Pd, whereas pure SnO2 shows no activity.

The researchers are optimistic that even better activity could be obtained if optimisation studies are carried out.

This development shows potential for Pt/SnO2 to be used as a fuel oxidation catalyst. For more detail, read the full article:

An experimental investigation of catalytic oxidation of propane using temperature controlled Pt, Pd, SnO2, and 90% SnO2–10% Pt catalysts
J. T. Wiswall, M. S. Wooldridge and H. G. Im
Catal. Sci. Technol., 2013, 3, 618–625

Digg This
Reddit This
Stumble Now!
Share on Facebook
Bookmark this on Delicious
Share on LinkedIn
Bookmark this on Technorati
Post on Twitter
Google Buzz (aka. Google Reader)

Industrial-scale enzyme catalysis a step closer

Many biocatalysts require expensive co-factors when they are used in the production of industrially relevant compounds, but a team of UK chemists has replaced one such co-factor – nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) – with a smaller, more practical molecule: methyl viologen.

The production of cyclohexanone has been successfully catalysed using this method, combining methyl viologen with a biocatalyst enzyme in an electrochemical microfluidic set-up.

The work, published in Catalysis Science & Technology, represents the first time such enzyme-catalysed chemistry has been carried out without a co-factor, and presents a practical and economic route to its use in large-scale synthesis.

Read the article…

Electro-enzymatic viologen-mediated substrate reduction using pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase and a parallel, segmented fluid flow system
Karl Fisher, Stephan Mohr, David Mansell, Nicholas J. Goddard, Peter R. Fielden and Nigel S. Scrutton

Digg This
Reddit This
Stumble Now!
Share on Facebook
Bookmark this on Delicious
Share on LinkedIn
Bookmark this on Technorati
Post on Twitter
Google Buzz (aka. Google Reader)

Catalysts losing their nobility

The emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has has been a HOT topic in recent years due to their notorious implication in ozone layer depletion and the formation of ground level ozone.  A specific type of VOC, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are also known to be carcinogenic.  Catalytic oxidation has been utilised as one of the most effective ways to remove unwanted contaminants such as these, however, this usually involves expensive noble metals.  In a move towards alternative materials such as metal-oxides, highly-active CeO2 has recently been applied to reactions such as the above, CO oxidation and soot combustion – however, their widespread uptake by industry has been restricted by their poor thermal stability. 

High thermal stability of ceria-based mixed oxide catalysts supported on zirconia for toluene combustion

Chen et al. have developed a simple, inexpensive and effective solution to the thermal stability problem, by loading mixed CeO2-based oxides on ZrO2.  The catalytic combustion of toluene was studied and the ZrO2 carrier was shown to not only to stabilise the surface active structure of the catalyst but also to improve its efficiency by enhancing O2 mobility.

Read more about the potential of these catalysts by downloading the full article for FREE at:

High thermal stability of ceria-based mixed oxide catalysts supported on ZrO2 for toluene combustion
Han-Feng Lu, Ying Zhou, Wen-Feng Han, Hai-Feng Huang and Yin-Fei Chen
Catal. Sci. Technol., 2013, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C3CY20754D

You may also be interested in a related article:

High activity mesoporous copper doped cerium oxide catalysts for the total oxidation of polyaromatic hydrocarbon pollutants
Asunción Aranda, Elvira Aylón, Benjamín Solsona, Ramón Murillo, Ana María Mastral, David R. Sellick, Said Agouram, Tomás García and Stuart H. Taylor
Chem. Commun., 2012, 48, 4704–4706
DOI: 10.1039/C2CC31206A

Digg This
Reddit This
Stumble Now!
Share on Facebook
Bookmark this on Delicious
Share on LinkedIn
Bookmark this on Technorati
Post on Twitter
Google Buzz (aka. Google Reader)

Nano gold boosts the Ullmann reaction

Researchers from the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology have extended the repertoire of C-C bond forming reactions catalysed by gold nanoparticles to include that of the Ullmann reaction.

The Ullmann reaction is an old favourite for synthesising biaryls – it proceeds by coupling together two aryl halides using a transition metal catalyst (traditionally copper).

The heterogeneous catalytic system employed by the authors makes use of gold nanoparticles stabilised on commercially-available nanocrystalline magnesium oxide.

Read more about this work by downloading the article now:

Ullmann coupling of aryl iodides catalyzed by gold nanoparticles stabilized on nanocrystalline magnesium oxide
Keya Layek, H. Maheswaran and M. Lakshmi Kantam

Have you signed up to our newsletter or e-alerts yet? Catalysis content delivered to your inbox.

Digg This
Reddit This
Stumble Now!
Share on Facebook
Bookmark this on Delicious
Share on LinkedIn
Bookmark this on Technorati
Post on Twitter
Google Buzz (aka. Google Reader)

Calling all budding science writers…

© Shutterstock

Do you fancy yourself as a blogger extraordinaire?

We are currently looking for a web-writer for the Catalysis Science & Technology blog. The writer will cover our latest research, interview leading researchers in the field and will keep the community updated with upcoming conferences and events.

If you’re interested and would like to be considered, please contact the Catalysis Science & Technology Editorial Office. We will ask you to submit a sample writing piece.

We hope you’ll agree that this is a great opportunity to develop those science-writing skills as well as gaining experience in publishing and journalism. We look forward to hearing from you soon!

Be sure to contact us before 4th March 2013

Digg This
Reddit This
Stumble Now!
Share on Facebook
Bookmark this on Delicious
Share on LinkedIn
Bookmark this on Technorati
Post on Twitter
Google Buzz (aka. Google Reader)