Author Archive

Bendy batteries a step closer…

Scientists from Korea have found that with the use of graphene nanosheets, the fabrication of bendable power sources is possible.

Electronic devices are no longer confined to the home or office. We travel with them, carry them around and even wear them. To make equipment like roll-up displays and wearable devices achievable, the power source that supplies them must also become more flexible.

The major challenge of developing a truly bendable power source has been the shortage of material that is both highly flexible and has superior electronic conductivity. Polymers are typically used, but they can degrade at relatively low temperatures, which makes them less than ideal.

Kisuk Kang from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology in Daejon, and colleagues, have developed a graphene based hybrid electrode producing a flexible lithium rechargeable battery. The cathode material, in this case V2O5, is grown on graphene paper using pulsed laser deposition and graphene paper coated in lithium is used as the anode. The resultant battery is lightweight and flexible enough to be twisted or rolled.

Bendy batteries a step closer

Want to find out more?

Read the rest of the Chemistry World story by Rebecca Brodie

Or view the Energy & Environmental Science article in full:
Flexible energy storage devices based on graphene paper
Hyeokjo Gwon, Hyun-Suk Kim, Kye Ung Lee, Dong-Hwa Seo, Yun Chang Park, Yun-Sung Lee, Byung Tae Ahn and Kisuk Kang,
Energy Environ. Sci.
, 2011, DOI: 10.1039/c0ee00640h

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Fuel cells: taking inspiration from rocket fuel…

HOT’ Minireview – hot off the press…

Carbon-free energyReviewing recent advances in ammonia and hydrazine based electrochemical fuel cells

Most low-temperature fuel cells are based, in some form, on the hydrogen fuel cell, due to its high power density and clean oxidation to yield no carbon-containing products. However, due to issues of compression and storage, research has been on-going into alternative “hydrogen-storage” compounds that can deliver similar performance in a more convenient form.

The nitrogen hydrides, ammonia and hydrazine, have been candidate materials for fuels for nearly 50 years, but rapid advances in the past 5–6 years have shown them to be front-runners in the race for commercial, high-performance, portable fuel cells.

Carbon-free energy: a review of ammonia- and hydrazine-based electrochemical fuel cells
Neil V. Rees and Richard G. Compton
Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/C0EE00809E

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Artificial photosynthesis – ‘HOT’ feature article

‘HOT’ Energy & Environmental Science Perspective article

Is there a catalysts that can make artificial photosynthesis a reality?

Artificial photosynthetic systemsThis review covers the progress achieved in the synthesis and characterization of different metal based catalysts designed for the photocatalytic oxidation of water, with special focus on molecular designed systems.

Artificial photosynthetic systems: Using light and water to provide electrons and protons for the synthesis of a fuel
Christian Herrero, Annamaria Quaranta, Winfried Leibl, A. William Rutherford and Ally Aukauloo
Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/C0EE00645A

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Could urea be the future source of hydrogen?

Energy & Environmental Science Perspective

This ‘HOT’ feature article reviews the potential of urea ((NH2)2CO) as a hydrogen carrier for fuel cells and the feasibility of utilising the enormous natural resource of urea that already exists.

Urea is a cheap and readily available resource, and has the advantage over other chemicals of being non-toxic and stable, and therefore easy to transport and store.

The authors say that urea “could be a solution to long-term future sustainable hydrogen supply” and conclude that urea is a realistic sustainable route and could be exploited if sufficient research is undertaken.

Read this ‘HOT’ Perspective today:
Urea as a hydrogen carrier: a perspective on its potential for safe, sustainable and long-term energy supply

Andrew N. Rollinson, Jenny Jones, Valerie Dupont and Martyn V. Twigg
Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/C0EE00705F

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The true cost of getting energy from the sun

US scientists have proposed a new method to compare the cost of solar energy technology with traditional sources as current methods may not give a realistic result

Seth Darling and colleagues from the Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois have used a simulation that gives distributions of values for variable parameters such as weather, solar panel performance, operating costs and inflation to more accurately reflect the overall cost.

‘For solar energy to make a significant dent in the overall energy mix, its cost will have to be similar to or lower than traditional sources such as fossil fuels,’ says Darling, ‘but to make this comparison, you need to know how to calculate the cost.’

Monte Carlo simulation

The results indicate that the real discount rate is the most relevant factor,‘ says José Goldemberg, an expert on energy and environmental issues from the University of São Paulo, Brazil.

Darling hopes that stakeholders in the energy community will adopt his approach. The biggest challenge, he says, is getting performance data from diverse geographic locations. 

‘We hope that partnerships between the solar energy industry, utility providers and national laboratories will focus on collecting the data and making it accessible to those interested in exploring the potential of solar energy,’ he concludes.

Read more of the Chemistry World feature here

View the Energy Environmental Science Analysis article:

Assumptions and the levelized cost of energy for photovoltaics
Seth B. Darling, Fengqi You, Thomas Veselka and Alfonso Velosa
Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/c0ee00698j

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A simple and efficient way to reduce CO2

With increasing concerns over global warming and the urgent need to reduce CO2 emissions, scientists in China have developed a new simple and efficient strategy for the reduction of CO2.

They demonstrate a carbon cycle which is driven simply by the oxidation and reduction of commonly available metals, such as iron.

The cycle begins with the high-yield reduction of CO2 to formic, via the oxidation of a zero-valent metal under hydrothermal conditions. The metal oxide can then be converted back to the metal using a bio-derived chemical such as glycerin, which is readily available from renewable resources.

reduce co2

The production of formic acid in the cycle is also an added bonus, as this can be used to power fuel cells, which can be applied to small, portable electronics such as cell phones and laptop computers.

This new energy system has many advantages over current methods to reduce CO2 (such as water-splitting) as it has high yields, no waste products, does not require expensive catalysts or harsh reagents and, as the overall cycle is exothermic, it is expected to have minimal energy requirements.

Read the ‘HOT’ Communication today:

High-yield reduction of carbon dioxide into formic acid by zero-valent metal/metal oxide redox cycles
Fangming Jin, Ying Gao, Yujia Jin, Yalei Zhang, Jianglin Cao, Zhen Wei and Richard L. Smith Jr
Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/C0EE00661K

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EES paper featured on Green Car Congress website

An Energy & Environmental Science paper has been highlighted on the Green Car Congress website.

The work by Hugh O’Neill and colleagues at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory demonstrates a novel approach for developing a new class of smart materials with architectures that are dependent on the assembly of interacting components. These could have important implications in self-repair and control of energy transfer in photoconversion devices.

Read the Energy & Environmental Science paper today:

Supramolecular assembly of biohybrid photoconversion systems
Mateus B. Cardoso, Dmitriy Smolensky, William T. Heller, Kunlun Hong and Hugh O’Neill
Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, 4, 181-188
DOI: 10.1039/C0EE00369G

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Energy & Environmental Science Issue 2 now online

February’s issue of Energy & Environmental Science is now published online – take a look at this great issue today

outside coverThis issue’s very artistic outside front cover* highlights the crucial role of electrode buffer layers for the overall performance of polymer solar cells, as discussed in the Review by Nadia Camaioni and colleagues.

The role of buffer layers in polymer solar cells
Riccardo Po, Chiara Carbonera, Andrea Bernardi and Nadia Camaioni
Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, 4, 285-310

inside cover

The inside front cover (equally as impressive artwork!) features the work of Amanda Barnard, looking at the  photocatalytic activity or potential free radical toxicity of titania at the nanoscale.

Mapping the photocatalytic activity or potential free radical toxicity of nanoscale titania
Amanda S. Barnard
Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, 4, 439-443

*Image adapted by Dr Maddalena Pezzani from Graur Razvan Ionut / FreeDigitalPhotos.net (image of sky), Sapere.it (image of hieroglyphic carvings), and Konarka Power Plastic(R) by George Disario (PV module). Image reproduced by permission of Dr Nadia Camaioni from Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, 4, 285.

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Bridging the gap in energy storage materials

Perspective article – nanostructured carbon-based electrodes could be the answer…

The fast evolution of portable electronic devices and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) requires energy sources that have high power, high energy, long cycle life, and the adaptability to various substrates.

Two excellent candidates are lithium-ion batteries, which can store high energy on a gravimetric and volumetric basis but have relatively low power, and electrochemical capacitors (ECs) which are ideal for high power applications, but are limited for energy storage. There is now a need to develop materials with both high power and energy storage capabilities.

Nanostructured carbon-based electrodes

Currently, the excellent performance of nanostructured electrodes with thickness of a few microns can be integrated on Si chips or flexible plastic substrates, suggesting promising energy sources for portable electronic devices and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). If these nanostructured electrodes can be successfully scaled up to a thickness of hundreds of microns without losing performance, they could be promising for incorporation into electric vehicles, heavy machinery, and load-leveling applications.

Read the feature review today:
Nanostructured carbon-based electrodes: bridging the gap between thin-film lithium-ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors
Seung Woo Lee, Betar M. Gallant, Hye Ryung Byon, Paula T. Hammond and Yang Shao-Horn
Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, DOI: 10.1039/C0EE00642D

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Environment, Sustainability & Energy 2011 Awards – last chance to nominate!

***Nominations close Monday 31 January 2011 – nominate today!***

The 13 RSC Prizes and Awards dedicated to Environment, Sustainability & Energy represent the outstanding achievements and excellence in this dynamic and cutting-edge area of the chemicals sciences.

The Prizes and Awards including the Sustainable Energy Award, Beilby Medal and Prize, Interdisciplinary Prizes and the three Centenary Prizes.

The RSC currently presents around 60 prestigious Prizes and Awards annually to scientists in all the main chemical science disciplines allowing for the greatest range of scientists to be recognised for their work; individuals, teams and organisations working across the globe.

Do you know someone who has made a significant contribution to advancing the chemical sciences?

View our full list of Prizes and Awards and use the online system to nominate yourself or colleagues.

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