Author Archive

In memory of Jan Košler

Recently, we received the very sad and unexpected news that our Advisory Board member Professor Jan Košler had passed away, only 49 years old.

Jan Kosler

Professor Jan Košler, Photograph: University of Bergen

Jan graduated from Charles University, Prague, in 1988 and went on to do his PhD in Glasgow, Scotland, where he finished in 1993. He became lecturer, and in 2003, Associate Professor at Charles University, Prague. During this period, he spent one year in Memorial University, Canada and two years in Bergen as a visiting research fellow. In 2005 he got an Associate Professorship at the Department of Earth Science of the University of Bergen and became a full professor there in 2007. During his time in Bergen, Jan spent one year at University of Vienna, Austria, and this last year at the Geological Survey of Canada in Ottawa, Canada.

As an internationally respected analytical geochemist, Jan had a particular research interest in isotope geochemistry, isotopic dating and mass spectrometry development, particularly in natural small-scale isotope ratio variations. In his research, he made use of various micro-beam techniques, such as laser ablation ICP-MS or secondary ion mass spectrometry, and he was regarded as a leading expert in this field. His research focus spanned from hydrothermal mineral deposits on the Mid-Atlantic ridge to the use of isotope geochemistry for deciphering the provenance of sediments and the evolution and cycling of crustal rocks in orogenic belts. He had an enviable track record of publishing innovative analytical developments.

Jan was a principal investigator on a number of projects and had broad international networks. As part of his research, he carried out field work in Europe, Africa, South America and Western Antarctica. Besides being an outstanding scientist, he had broad teaching experiences, in petrology, mineralogy, geochemistry, isotope geology and laser ablation techniques. Jan was a respected and very well-liked teacher and supervisor.

JAAS has always appreciated Jan’s efforts for the well-being of the journal and for convincing his fellow geochemists to publish their analytical developments in our journal. We will all miss Jan’s friendly face on the conferences we attend, as well as the stimulating scientific discussions and social talks with him. With Jan Košler the scientific community is losing a dedicated colleague and a very good friend.

Our thoughts are with his family, his wife Alena and his son and daughter.

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High precision radium ratio and concentration measurement in seawater

Precise measurement of 228Ra/226Ra ratios and Ra concentrations in seawater samples by multi-collector ICP mass spectrometry This paper presents a new analytical technique for the high-precision measurement of 228Ra/226Ra ratios and Ra concentrations in seawater by multi-collector ICP mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). Yu-Te Hsieh and Gideon M. Henderson from the University of Oxford, UK, demonstrate that the technique, relative to commonly used decay-counting approaches, has a lower detection limit and higher precision.  This technique will allow study of 228Ra in the ocean interior where concentrations are low and will extend the powerful use of this isotope to understand mixing and trace element fluxes in the oceans.

Interested in knowing more?  Read the full article here; free until 8th April!

Precise measurement of 228Ra/226Ra ratios and Ra concentrations in seawater samples by multi-collector ICP mass spectrometry
Yu-Te Hsieh and Gideon M. Henderson
J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2011, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C1JA10013K

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Low-power microwave-generated helium microplasma

Low-power microwave-generated helium microplasma for molecular and atomic spectrometry A microwave discharge using <1 W is demonstrated as a spectroscopic source for detection of sulfur, hydrocarbons, and oxygen.

Atmospheric pressure microplasmas are a promising technology for low-power optical emission spectroscopy for chemical detection. In this work, Alan Hoskinson and co-workers from Massachusetts, USA examine a microstrip split-ring resonator (MSRR) discharge operating at 1.8 GHz in helium as an excitation source. The source can sustain a plasma with as little as 0.2 W of microwave power, and can be operated continuously with no electrode damage.

Based on the stability, low power consumption and detection limits, which compare favourably to other low and moderate power plasma excitation sources, the MSRR plasma is a promising technology for use in portable systems.

Interested in knowing more? Read for free until 4th April.

Low-power microwave-generated helium microplasma for molecular and atomic spectrometry
Alan R. Hoskinson, Jeffrey Hopwood, Neil W. Bostrom, Jeffrey A. Crank and Christopher Harrison
J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2011, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C0JA00239A

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Casting technology of Renaissance bronze statuettes

Toos used in the chasing process

Tools used in the chasing process

This study by R. van Langh and co-workers adds analytical data to the debate on whether bronze sculptures could have been cast with such a precision that no after-work was required.  The study focuses on chasing, a technique based on flattening the surface using a hammer and iron chasing tool; it is applied on each bronze after it has been cast and is removed from the mould.

Bastiano Torrigiani's sculpture Bust of Pope Gregory XIV

Bastiano Torrigiani's sculpture: Bust of Pope Gregory XIV

In the past these bronzes have always been considered as cast and chased, but during a careful study of Renaissance bronzes in the collection of the Rijksmuseum, two bronzes clearly distinguished themselves. On both Hercules Pomarius by Willem van Tetrode and Bastiano Torrigiani’s sculpture Bust of Pope Gregory XIV, flashes of metal were found on the outer surface of the bronze leading to the hypothesis that a bronze statuette could have been cast in the 16th century with such precision that no chasing of the surface had to take place. The aim of this research was to point out the characteristic “strain fingerprints” left in the bronze by the chasing process, which are absent in an “as cast” specimen: the use of Time of Flight Neutron Diffraction for this purpose is a novel application.

Severo Calzetta da Ravenna's bronze statuette depicting Paris

Severo Calzetta da Ravenna's bronze statuette depicting Paris in the the diffractometer ENGIN-X

The team compared Hercules Pomarius and Bust of Pope Gregory XIV with the undoubtedly cast and chased Severo Calzetta da Ravenna’s bronze statuette depicting Paris, as well as two specifically manufactured reference samples, one cast and chased, the other cast and unfinished.  They demonstrated that both the Bust of Pope Gregory XIV and Hercules Pomarius were cast and not chased and Paris was cast and chased.

This article will be published later in the year as part of a themed issue on Art & Archaeometry.

Interested in knowing more? Read the article for free until March 1st!

Casting technology of Renaissance bronze statuettes: the use of TOF-neutron diffraction for studying afterwork of Renaissance casting techniques
R. van Langh, L. Bartoli, J. Santisteban and D. Visser
J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2011, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C0JA00235F

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HOT Article: Insights into the corrosion resistance of ancient phosphorus-containing iron

X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of the various forms of phosphorus in ancient iron samples Ancient phosphorus-containing iron-based alloys are often reported to be strongly resistant toward corrosion, but the mechanisms of this protection have not yet been explained. In order to better understand the role of this element, in the conditions of atmospheric corrosion, Judith Monnier and co-workers in France used micro-XANES spectra to highlight phosphorus distribution and speciation in two ancient iron-based samples.

Interested in knowing more? Read the full article here; free until March 18th!

X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of the various forms of phosphorus in ancient iron samples
Judith Monnier, Delphine Vantelon, Solenn Reguer and Philippe Dillmann
J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2011, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C0JA00247J

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HOT Article: Novel method of X-ray fluorescence microanalysis of metallic objects

Reduction of surface effects and relief reconstruction in X-ray fluorescence microanalysis of metallic objects This HOT article by T. Trojek from the Czech Technical University in Prague reports on relief imaging and an improved method of quantitative evaluation in microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis of metallic objects.  This paper introduces a simple but brilliant idea on how to extract quantitative data from rather not so easily quantifiable measurements and has far reaching applications.

Interested in knowing more?  Read this HOT Article for free until March 11th.

Reduction of surface effects and relief reconstruction in X-ray fluorescence microanalysis of metallic objects
T. Trojek
J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2011, Advance Article
DOI: 10.1039/C0JA00187B

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HOT Article: Mapping the geometry of non-planar objects using SRXRF

SRXRF-measurements at non-planar objects: automatic determination of the angle of incidence of the exciting X-ray The first article to be published online from the upcoming themed issue on Synchrotron Radiation in Art and Archaeometry is a Technical Note from Christian Grunewald and co-workers from Berlin, Germany. In this HOT Article they demonstrate how the use of a microscope and an easy algorithm allows the fast determination of the existing geometry of an object being analysed by quantitative synchotron radiation induced X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF).

This themed issue, with Guest Editors Koen Janssens (University of Antwerp), Joris Dik (Delft University of Technology) and Robert van Langh (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam) will highlight the latest research in the area of synchrotron radiation in art and archaeometry.

Read this HOT Article online here.  Free until March 4th!

SRXRF-measurements at non-planar objects: automatic determination of the angle of incidence of the exciting X-ray
Christian Grunewald, Martin Radtke, Uwe Reinholz, Günter Buzanich and Heinrich Riesemeier
J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2011, Advance Article, Technical Note
DOI: 10.1039/C0JA00237B

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