Shedding New Light on Old Treasures

Analytical techniques are shedding new light on old treasures.

Madame Leon Clapisson, 1883

Analytical chemists are making breakthroughs in the science of heritage and conservation. Using new techniques, previously lost nuances in the works of cultural artifacts are being rediscovered, enriching our understanding of our shared culture, and recasting our relationship with the past.

Dr Richard P. Van Duyne recently used Raman spectroscopy to reveal the stunning original colours of Renoir’s “Madame Valentine Clapisson” painted over a century ago. Using Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), a technique widely used in biomedical research that Van Duyne has spent the past few years adapting for the study of organic paints, the lush reds of the origiGraphical abstract: Mapping of egg yolk and animal skin glue paint binders in Early Renaissance paintings using near infrared reflectance imaging spectroscopynal could be acurately recreated. SERS involves adsorbing tiny paint samples to metal nanoparticles, which enhances the Raman signal so trace amounts of the pigment molecules can be detected. Routine art analysis techniques like x-ray fluorescence scanning are unsuitable for this kind of paint, as they rely on elemental signatures from metals, without Dr Van Duyne’s developments the original colours envisioned by Renoir would remain unknown.

In a recent themed collection in Analyst and Analytical Methods cutting edge developments in analytical science used in heritage and conservation were drawn together. Guest edited by Dr Francesca Casadio and Dr Richard P. Van Duyne, the collection of articles highlights work on historic buildings, illuminated manuscripts and paintings by artists such as Dali and Matisse, as well as developments on the underpinning analytical techniques that are revealing ground-breaking insights into our rich cultural heritage.

In their editorial, Dr Francesca Casadio and Dr Richard P. Van Duyne set out the case for the cooperation between the chemical sciences and heritage work, and highlight the need for future research into this area to guarantee the conservation and understanding of our shared history.

The collection is open for submissions. Submit your work to the collection, or read it online today.

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